Research On The Foreign Relations Of China's Xinjiang During The Period Of The Republic Of China

This dissertation mainly analyses the relationships of China's Xinjiang during the period of the Republic of China.As a province,the local government of Xinjiang has no right to deal with the foreign affairs by law.However,during a long time in the Republic of China,there was a situation that Xinjiang local government dealt with the foreign affairs dependently,such as concluding conventions with the foreign,establishing the counsel dependently and allowing foreign army to camp and so on.The consequence was due to the complex factors as the domestic and abroad situation,the particularity of Xinjiang and the governances of the local leaders.In 1942,the right of diplomacy of Xinjiang transformed to the central government,ending the history of its dealing with the foreign affairs dependently and beginning the history of the central's having the complete right.Along the clue of time,this dissertation delineates four phases,namely the period of Yang Zengxin,the period of Jin Shuren,the period of Sheng Shicai,the period of the central government dominating directly.Each session mainly analyses the relations between Xinjiang and the Soviet Union(Russian),the American,the Britain and Japan etc.The relations with the Soviet Union are the key point.This dissertation is composed of the introduction,four chapters and the conclusion.In the introduction,the author introduces the value,the current trend,the methods and the train of thought of this dissertation.In Chapter 1,the author mainly discusses the foreign relations and the character during the rule of Yang Zengxin.As a strong local governor,standing to varieties of pressures,Yang had safeguarded the right and interest of Xinjiang through negotiating and tackling wisely with the Russian,the Britain,Japan and Afghanistan.But the emerging dependent behaviors became the bad example of the successors.During this period,the foreign relations of Xinjiang showed the following characters:safeguarding the sovereignty positively,hedging the central's right,tackling mainly with the Russian(the Soviet Union),balancing the foreign forces through utilizing the paradox between the imperialistic powers,but tackling with others peacefully and resorting to force seldomly.In Chapter 2,the author mainly discusses the foreign relations and the character during the rule of Jin Shuren.During his rule,shorter than five years,the foreign relations of Xinjiang had taken important changes,especially the relations with the Soviet Union.During this period,the foreign relations of Xinjiang showed the following characters:the personnel factor in the decision-making outstanding,the balance of kinds of forces disrupting,"the policy of Multi-dimension" failing finally as a remedy.His mode of dealing with the foreign affairs had damaged the right and interest of Xinjiang and our country to great extent,while alienating the relation between the local and the central gradually.In Chapter 3,the author mainly discusses the foreign relations and the character during the rule of Shing Shicai.During his ruling,along the changes of the situation domestically and abroad,the strategic position of Xinjiang became outstanding furtherly,leading to the struggle between the powers becoming much stronger.With the influence of this,the foreign relations changed dramatically.As to the relation with the central,Xinjiang first submitted to the central authority,then alienated to the central,finally returned to the central.Regarding to the relations with the Soviet Union,it experienced a process from pro-Soviet to anti-Soviet.As to the structure,it transformed from Soviet-dominating to the Britain and the American counter-balancing the Soviet together.The inclusion of the American changed the state of the struggle between the Soviet and the Britain.In Chapter 4,the author mainly discusses the foreign relations and the character during the period of the National Government dominating directly.Under the governance of the central government,the foreign relations of Xinjiang became a part of the country's diplomacy.Along with the arrangement of all powers and the rise of the cold war,Xinjiang was trapped in a whirlpool.During this period,the foreign relations of Xinjiang showed the following characters:the central having the detrimental right of the foreign affairs;carrying out the special policy of pro-Soviet and pro-American commonly;the negotiation with the Soviet Union appearing passively;the foreign forces' competitive structure transforming from the competition between the Britain and the Soviet Union to the competition between the American and the Soviet Union;the foreign forces beginning to support the Separatists publicly.In the end,discussing the foreign relations during the period of the Republic of China wholly,as an integral part of our country,Xinjiang had developed and kept relations with the foreign dependently.This phenomena was contrary to the modern international law but was a part of the foreign relations of the Unliberated China.Reflecting the foreign relations during this period,the most triumph was successfully safeguarding the uniting of our country and the integrity of the territory and keeping Xinjiang as an integral part of China.The root of the struggle between all kinds of the foreign forces and their intrusion into Xinjiang was the weakness of our country.The diplomacy of Xinjiang intertwined with the ethnical and religious problem,but as long as we have dealt with and solved the complex problem of multi-ethnic areas correctly,there would be no chance to the foreign forces.Moreover,the diplomacy of Xinjiang during this period also included the fight to the Separatists by people of all ethnic groups.