| After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the communist party of China has begun to turn from leading the people to struggle for national political power to leading the people to seize national political power and hold power for a long time.The focus of the party’s work has also shifted from seizing political power to consolidating political power,and from revolutionary war to economic construction and development of productive forces.To build new China requires a large number of high political awareness,professional personnel with real talent as support,and the number and quality of talent at that time far from meeting the needs of national construction.Therefore,on the one hand,the CPC serves the country by uniting and reforming the old intellectuals.On the other hand,it has become a major political task for the party and the government of the People’s Republic of China to train workers and peasants cadres and young workers and peasants into new types of intellectuals through systematic training.This paper takes Beijing industrial and agricultural accelerated middle school as the object of investigation,and makes an in-depth study on the problem of talent cultivation under the leadership of Chinese communist party in this special historical period,seeking for its historical experience and enlightenment.The first chapter mainly discusses the historical origin of the fast-track middle school for workers and peasants.Before and after the May 4th Movement,the civilian education movement with the aim of "saving the nation by education" sprang up in China.At last,the civilian education was inherited and developed by the Communist Party of China guided by Marxist theory,and gradually transformed into a movement of workers and peasants’ education aiming at reforming society and carrying out political enlightenment.After the failure of the Great Revolution,the focus of the Party’s strategy shifted to the countryside.In the process of establishing the revolutionary base areas,the education of workers and peasants,with its rapid nature,played an important role in mobilizing,organizing and educating the broad masses of workers and peasants.The education of workers and peasants in the Soviet Area,during the War of Resistance Against Japan and during the War of Liberation has not only the general characteristics of the education of workers and peasants,such as speediness and serving the revolutionary war,but also the periodic characteristics of the education of workers and peasants in different periods.At the beginning of the founding of New China,the Communist Party of China set up a fast-growing middle school for workers and peasants,which was to some extent the continuation and regularization of the fast-growing education for workers and peasants in the period of revolutionary base areas.The second chapter mainly analyses the social background of the establishment of Agricultural Quick-Track Secondary School.Establishing a fast-growing middle school for workers and peasants is a concrete reflection of the Party’s educational policy of opening the door to education and serving workers and peasants.Thiseducational policy is determined by the nature of the regime of a new democratic country.To a certain extent,it meets the urgent need of the workers and peasants for scientific and cultural knowledge and stimulates the enthusiasm of the workers and peasants for building a new China.At the same time,after the founding of New China,the Party and the State The focus of our work has shifted to the socialist construction,and the recovery and development of the national economy has put forward new and higher demands for the talent team.At that time,the quality and quantity of the talent team could not meet the needs of economic development.The Party and the state focused on training new intellectuals of industrial and agricultural origin.Moreover,after the founding of New China,due to the lack of social construction.The basic experience of doctrine is to learn from the Soviet Union in all fields of national construction.The Soviet Union’s educational theory and mode of running schools have a profound impact on Chinese education.Rapid secondary schools for workers and peasants are also the product of learning from the Soviet Union’s education.Chapter three mainly investigates the history of Beijing Quick-track Middle School for Workers and Peasants from a vertical and historical perspective.The development track of Beijing’s fast-growing middle school for workers and peasants is basically similar to that of the whole country’s fast-growing middle school for workers and peasants.It has experienced several stages of development,such as trial-run,finalization,promotion,attachment and suspension.The difference is that the policy adjustment between Beijing’s fast-growing middle school for workers and peasants and the relevant national fast-growing middle school for workers and peasants is not a one-way top-down passive implementation,but there is a closer "interaction" and mutual influence,forming a two-way common evolution mechanism.From the implementation of classified teaching plan and attached institutions of higher learning,we can see the interactive relationship between the practical exploration of Beijing Industrial and Agricultural Accelerated Middle School and the top-level design of the country.Because of their different situations,the fast-growing secondary schools of Beijing have shown different development patterns in the relatively unified historical evolution process,thus showing a rich and diverse school-running scene for the world.Chapter Ⅳ and Chapter V,mainly in-depth analysis of the teaching and organizational management of Beijing Fast-track Middle School for Workers and Peasants.The experiment of teaching reform in Beijing’s fast-growing middle school for workers and peasants can not be separated from the curriculum structure and teaching mode of ordinary middle schools,but also implement a teaching plan conducive to "quick-growing" under the drive of the task of entrance.This dilemma makes Beijing’s fast-growing middle school for workers and peasants need to explore the practice of curriculum,textbooks and teaching methods in general,on the one hand,and on the other hand,teaching in different disciplines.At the same time,we should maintain the teaching characteristics of various disciplines.As for the organization and management of the school,Beijing Quick-track Middle School for Workers and Peasants undertakes the task of experiment,so many innovative explorations and attempts have been made in the aspects of enrollment management,student management,teacher treatment,graduates and other aspects of running the school,which provides the necessary reference and reference for the Central Ministry of Education to formulate the national organizational management measures for the fast-track middle school for workers and peasants.In enrollment,we should strictly implement the enrollment conditions stipulated by the state;in student management,we should carry out ideological and political education for students,properly solve the problems of students’ admission treatment and dropout,and solve the worries of workers and peasants;in teacher management,we should give priority to ensuring the treatment and preparation of teachers in workers and peasants’ fast-growing secondary schools,so as to provide a solid foundation for the success of workers and peasants’ fast-growing secondary schools.Strong talent guarantee.These measures provide necessary support and guarantee for the final success of the fast-growing middle schools for workers and peasants.Chapter Six mainly summarizes and reflects on the school-running mode of Beijing Quick-track Middle School for Workers and Peasants.The main characteristics of Beijing’s fast-growing middle school for workers and peasants are as follows: first,the object of education is the young adults of workers and peasants with a strong political background;second,the purpose of education is mainly to prepare students for entering higher education;third,the way of education emphasizes "fast-track" and completes six-year curriculum tasks in three to four years.The basic experience of running a fast-growing middle school for workers and peasants in Beijing is to strengthen the Party’s leadership over the fast-growing middle school for workers and peasants,conscientiously implement the idea of "experiment first,steadily advancing",build a team of teachers and workers who love the cause of workers and peasants education,and focus on encouraging students to study hard for the construction of the country.Historically,the fast-growing middle schools for workers and peasants in Beijing and other areas have guaranteed to some extent the right of workers and peasants to receive education,consolidated and safeguarded the new state power,raised the cultural level of workers and peasants cadres,trained a large number of construction talents for the new China,and contributed to the consolidation of the new democratic regime and the transformation of China from a backward agricultural country to an advanced industrial country.At the same time,it also provides a useful attempt and reference for the design of education system in the early days of the founding of New China,whose historical role is worthy of affirmation.There are also some contradictions and constraints which are difficult to overcome in the fast-growing middle schools for workers and peasants.Firstly,the fast-track secondary school for workers and peasants was produced under the simple combination of the Soviet Union’s "academic" education model and Yan’an’s "revolutionary" education model,but there was no "natural" resultant force between the two education models as expected;secondly,it simply transformed the revolutionary "quick-win" thinking into "quick-build" education,ignoring the complexity and long-term of education to a certain extent.Periodic,although the students’ enthusiasm for learning is generally high,but due to the poor foundation of students,the burden of learning is too heavy,so that the students of the fast-trackMiddle School of workers and peasants bear tremendous physical and mental pressure,the quality of teaching has not achieved the desired results. |
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