Research On The Criticism Of Neo-Marxism Soviet Democracy

After the victory of the socialism in economic,political,and cultural backward countries,the development of socialist democracy had become a major historical task in that time.Therefore,the communist Parties of realistic socialism states must be based on the Marxist theory of democracy to lead the people to develop socialist democracy politics,which were major theoretical and practical problems.The development of democracy of socialism with Chinese characteristics enters new era,which need to be further studied.As the first realistic socialism state,the Soviet Union made long-term theoretical and practical exploration of the development of socialist democracy,and formed the democratic political model of the Soviet Union.Viewed from the historical reality of democratic politics of the Soviet Model,this problem weren't solved.The theories and practise of the democratic political model of the Soviet Union are samples and objects for the people who study and criticize the real democratic state of socialist countries.This paper persists in the unity of history and logic,sorts out three schools' critique of democratic politics of the Soviet Model,including Trotskyism,Western Marxism and Eurocommunism.Trotskyist first criticized democratic politics of the Soviet Model as an opposition within the party,they criticized the bureaucratization of the party and the imbalance of democratic development.They pointed out that the Soviet society was a transitional society,the state was a degenerate state of workers,and the democratic politics of the superstructure was not socialist.Orthodox' political revolution of the Fourth International was to develop and restore workers' democracy and Soviet democracy.The contemporary Trotskyist Mandel proposed that if the post-state proletariat want to seize political power,they needed to carry on revolutions to complete the three major tasks of world revolution,socialist construction,and development of socialist democracy,to promote the demise of nations.In short,Trotskyist advocated to carry on political revolution to overthrow the Soviet Union's bureaucracy dominion,otherwise the Soviet Union would appear restoration of capitalism.In the early 1920 s,Western Marxism proposed an autonomous socialist and factory committee model of direct democracy on the basis of criticizing the Soviet Union.From the late 1930 s to the early 1950 s,the relevant schools simultaneously criticized the Soviet Union and the fascist countries,they criticized the Soviet Union as a new totalitarian state and analyzed the psychological roots of totalitarianism.After Stalin's death and the 20 th Congress of the CPSU,the critique was comprehensive and systematic.The relevant schools criticized the lack of freedom in democratic politics of the Soviet Model,because they thought CPSU's rule was essentially ruled by a minority,it just was new dictatorship after the elimination of private ownership,there was dictatorship without democracy.They also criticized Khrushchev and Stalin's failure to develop socialist democracy.Neo-Marxism in eastern Europe regarded Marxist humanism as the philosophical basis of criticism,and criticizes Soviet autocracy and political alienation.In the 1970 s,the relevant schools criticized the Soviet Union as one-party dictatorship,not a liberated society.Criticizing political alienation of Soviet Union-the powerful state and Soviet direct democracy would lead to autocracy.Except a few schools against humanitarian criticism,in general,Western Marxism has two kinds of critical approaches and socialist roads: humane democratic socialism and worker-autonomy socialism.Since the birth of Eurocommunism,it followed the Soviet Union.With the changes in the domestic and international situation,they begun to criticize democratic politics of the Soviet Model,in order to explore a democratic path to socialism suitable for national conditions.They criticized the excessive concentration and bureaucratization of the Soviet Union's economic and political power,and thought the Soviet Union was not a democratic state of workers.They criticized the Soviet bureaucracy override the society,thought the Soviet Union realized industrialization but did not realize socialism,even the system born in the October Revolution did not open the way for human liberation.The realistic socialism states basically do not have the historical premise of socialist democratic politics.Eurocommunism completely abandoned the Leninist principle of democratic centralism in party building and gave up the dictatorship of the proletariat.They advocated the restoration of capitalist representative democracy to replace committee democracy of the Soviet model and the implementation of multi-party system,and then denied Marxist theory of state and democratic theory.They pointed out that the disintegration of the Soviet Union was due to the failure of democratic development,which hindered the intrinsic advantages of the socialist political system.As the other realistic socialism state,China adheres to the basic principles of the combination of Marxist democratic theory and China's reality,critically absorbs the achievements of all world political civilization.Therefore,the superiority of socialist democracy can be continuously exerted in China.In the new era of China's socialist political modernization,historical comparisons of three schools' critique of democratic politics of the Soviet Model from macro and micro perspective show that this critique generally has a question consciousness,but it separates from the analysis of specific historical backgrounds,is extreme and one-sided.To some extent,these historical comparisons show that there are problems in democratic politics of the Soviet Model,and they have certain reference value for the development of socialist democratic theory and practice.Some enlightenment and laws can be obtained from the critique of critical criticism: the complexity and importance of democracy in the construction of realistic socialism,the criticism of daily life and the cultivation of democratic habits,adhering to the political direction of socialism in the development of democracy,strengthening party leadership and realizing the party's self-revolution,adhering to and developing the Marxist theory of state and democratic theories,the charm of socialist democracy lying in the combination of realism and radicalism,the unity of ideals and reality,and the value of democratic theory must be tested in practice.This paper focus on the theme of Marxist state and the theory of democratic death,and tries to break through the contradiction and tension between theory and practice.This paper starts from the critical research of the three schools,adheres to the analytical methods of historical materialism and dialectical materialism,conducts comparative research and overall evaluation,in order to find the laws of construction of socialist democratic politics from critique of criticism,to make the theory more systematic and scientific,and to make the practice more targeted and instructive.