Research On Theoretical Path Of Criticism Of Capitalist Modernity In Western Marxism

As a dialectical totality,modernity has experienced three main periods: the subconsciousness of modernity,the awakening of modernity consciousness,and the critical consciousness of modernity from the historical stage.From the perspective of civilization mode,modernity coexists with two basic modes: Western capitalist civilization and socialist civilization represented by China.However,since the latter two historical stages of modernity are recognized as originating from Western capitalist industrial civilization,modernity is synonymous with capitalist civilization in critical consciousness,while other civilization types are in a subordinate position.Therefore,if we want to break through the capitalist modern civilization type,we need to prove the transcendence of civilization in critical reflection.The century-long critical history of Western Marxism can be describe as a critical history of contemporary capitalist modernity.It focuses on the core themes of capitalist modernity criticism,organically integrates the propositions and methods of Marxism and Western philosophy,and forms the third critical part of Western Developed Capitalist Industrial Civilization.In the criticism of multiple discourses,there are three main paths for the convergence of the Western Marxist capitalist modernity critical theories:One is the production-consumption path.The logical structure of the universalization of commodity forms constitutes the humanistic inheritance of Western Marxism to Marxist fetishism.Its critique of capitalist modernity in the economic field shifts its focus from production to exchange,distribution,and consumption.It basically follows "some materialization ? commodification ?exchange value subjectification,use value virtualization ? subject alienation ?return of the alienated subject".Among them,"Some" can refer to real or virtual social existence or social relations such as physical objects,numbers,emotions,communication,language,etc.Western Marxism's criticism of capitalist productivity,production relations,and production methods is largely unchanged from the above-mentioned logical path,which makes the empirical criticism of Marxist political economy of capitalist modernity increasingly weakened in the context and concepts of alienation criticism.,Which caused the misalignment of the axis of Western Marxism from political economy criticism to cultural consciousness criticism in the process of deepening the criticism of capitalist modernity.The second is the individual-community path.One direction of the critique of capitalist modernity is to find a method of reconciliation between the individual and the community.Western Marxism has shifted from a macroscopic criticism of institutional falsehood in the sense of community to contemporary biopolitical criticism that pays more attention to individual meaning.The analysis path generally has a main line,that is,the rationality of "social element power ? power centralization ? power centralization Rationalization ? community legalization,individual falsification ? community and individual reconciliation" critical thinking and emancipation approach.While criticizing the hidden features of the totalitarian crisis of the false community in the capitalist society,it gradually dispelled the Marxist basic stand principles of the opposition between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat,and the main position of the proletarian society in history.Although to a certain extent it exposes and criticizes the new changes and new problems in Western capitalist society,in terms of its relationship with Marxism,Western Marxism deviates from the position of political practice principles in Marx's communist ideology,making it capitalist.The political and philosophical thinking of modernity criticism is either trapped in utopian reverie,or regresses to the adjustment and compromise within the capitalist society.The third is the enlightenment-re-enlightenment path.Enlightenment rationality is the spiritual core and spiritual temperament of capitalist modernity,so it has also become the focus of capitalist modernity criticism.One of the manifestations of the modernity crisis is that the conceptual mechanism of enlightenment rationality has shaped and consolidated the rationalized control of capital and power over the subject.Regarding this reflexive crisis of enlightenment rationality,Western Marxism takes a dialectical attitude and believes that re-enlightenment of enlightenment rationality is to correctly recognize the core of modernity of enlightenment rationality,and is the key to unlocking the paradox of capitalist modernity.In the century-old history of capitalist modernity criticism of Western Marxism,three stages of return to totality,negation of dialectics,and reconstruction of historical materialism have been formed,bringing a path from reversion to destruction to integration for the crisis of rational reflexivity.Western Marxism always upholds the metaphysical spirit and seeks a path to re-enlightenment for the degradation of rationality in constant trial and error,especially the contemporary ideas of geography and spatial integration of historical materialism.Its connotation is based on the perspective of time and space.A new interpretation of the metaphysical meaning of contemporary historical materialism.This new thinking that continues the "post-modern trend" creates a new multi-discourse space for the Marxist group image in the contemporary world,but at the same time it brings consensus crisis and hidden worries.If the fusion of "Chinese philosophy-Western philosophy-Marxist philosophy" is the philosophical cultural context and consciousness for constructing a civilized society in the future,Western Marxism can be described as a bridge between the Western modernity model and the Chinese modernity model.From an overall theoretical dialogue with it,there are not only the common theoretical resources of inheriting and developing Marxism,but also the common theoretical issues of capitalist modernity criticism,and the discourse space for exchanging different experiences based on the background of heterogeneous cultural traditions.Based on the regularity to grasp the ideological approach of the Western Marxist Capitalist Modernity Critical Theory,this article believes that the Western Marxist Capitalist Modernity Critical Theory as a whole has ontological characteristics in the sense of phenomenological methods,reflecting the West born by the blood of Western civilization Cultural gene characteristics.The Chinese model reflects unique wisdom and outstanding effectiveness in responding to the limitations of thinking and practical dilemmas of Western Marxist capitalist modernity criticism.It demonstrates contemporary Chinese Marxism's confidence in the path of surpassing capitalist modernity and civilization,theoretical confidence,institutional confidence,Cultural self-confidence.In the visible historical process of constructing a new human civilization pattern that transcends capitalist modernity,the Chinese Model of modernity is writing a new chapter belonging to human civilization.