Time Consciousness,labor Attitudes And Happiness Perceptions Of Mongolian Urban And Rural Residents

Throughout the 20 th century,Mongolia has undergone dramatic changes in various social fields such as politics,economy,and culture,and the living environment of generations has undergone dramatic changes.Along with the social transformation,people's behavior criterions such as time view and labor attitude are also changing.The individual's social experience plays a decisive role in the process of "uncertain" social dynamics.After the political and economic reforms,the discussion of the success of social transformation often focuses on the attitude of people living in it to the present life and their expectations for the future.This is particularly important under the idea that neo-liberalism advocates individual freedom and equal rights.This means that the degree of transformation of every individual citizen of Mongolia under democratic system determines the success or failure of the transformation of Mongolian society.Through the qualitative research method of Ethnology based on fieldwork,this study will excavate and reproduce the process in which ordinary Mongolians were "modernized" in the course of social transformation such as socialism,democratization and market economy.The narrative folk story presents a change of "person".When discussing the transformation of Mongolian society,the author will focus on the transformation of people under the market-oriented neo-liberal ideology,and use the realization of happiness as a clue to examine people's attitudes towards time and labor in social transformation.With small ideas and "people" as the core,we will further explore the specific performance of individuals in the transition process and the impact of individual social choices on the social and cultural developmentdirection and choices of countries after the transition.The urbanization,collectivization and privatization process of Mongolia can not be ignored for the key role played by the time outlook and labor attitude of Mongolian people in setting the standards of public time and labor.The production and life style of animal husbandry and its corresponding culture have given birth to the special time and labor experience of the Mongolian nation.Urbanization,collectivization and privatization have transformed this traditional way of life into a mixed model of nomadic and settled life styles.In today's Mongolian province of Gobi Sumber,more and more people are engaged in livelihood work outside animal husbandry,and daily life deals with concepts such as time system,work efficiency,and money.People with different life experiences,different times,and labor consciousness accept the "discipline" of modern disciplinary organizations such as government agencies,schools,and factories.In this process,people's attitudes towards time and labor show the differences and non-integral personality characteristics of individuals in the "transition period".There are conflicting ideas between people,but there is also a conflict of ideas in the same person.Individual differences and non-holistic personality have formed cognitive contradictions in the transitional Society of Mongolia.The time view and lifestyle of traditional nomadic life are still the "mainstream" of local people's daily life,and whenever there is tension between another "mainstream" time and labor outlook in Western society and the behavior of Mongolian individuals,The outside world only blames those individuals and the culprits behind them for "traditional nomadic lifestyles." It is not difficult to find that traditional knowledge still has a practical tendency from the diversity of language and time consciousness that express time.People still have their own unique understanding of their time and labor,and create their own time and space through conscious behavior and speech and construct their own happiness with these understandings and arrangements.Despite the difficulties and misfortunes of the political and economic transition,people have responded with their own faces and diversified measures and have to a greater extent retained a unique understanding of happiness.In Mongolia,the traditional Mongolian culture,once considered "feudal and backward" during the socialist period,became the main resource for people seeking "happiness" whenpeople faced social changes beyond their control.By restoring traditional culture and values,people are faced with various incommensurate and unfortunate scenes and construct the happiness concept that was once lost in social transformation.These local "strategies" can be seen as the daily struggle and adaptation of Mongolian people in rapid changes,and become weapons for their optimism in dealing with many things in their lives that make them uncomfortable.