The Research On Fiscal Guarantee Of Children's Public Service In China

Since the reform and opening up,with the development of China's economy,the implementation of the "two-child" policy,the increase in the number of newborns,and the changes in family structure,the demand for children's public services in China has been increasing,and it is increasingly characterized by multiple levels and diversification.The government plays an important role in the provision of public services and is responsible for the main supply of public services for children.However,there are problems such as unclear subject responsibility,fragmentation of policies,narrow coverage,inadequate service system,large fiscal gap,and low level of protection.In recent years,China's fertility rate has continued to decline.In order to boost the willingness to bear,it is necessary to further improve the supply level of basic public services for children,so as to reduce the cost of families.This makes the contradiction between the supply and demand of children's basic public services more prominent,and has become an urgent problem to be solved in China.The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward that it is necessary to adhere to the protection and improvement of peoples livelihood.All people,including children should have a greater sense of gain.In 2019,the "Government Work Report" proposed to further protect the legitimate rights and interests of children,support various forms of infant care,encourage social organizations to set up child care institutions,and demand the strengthening of child safety.We will speed up the improvement of the conditions for running schools in rural areas,ensure the education of migrant children in cities,increase the supply of pre-school education through multiple channels,and continue to promote the equalization of public services for children's education,strengthen basic medical services and social security,focus on children in need.The spirit of the 19th National Congress and the work requirements of the State Council's report further explain the urgency of the party and the state's care for children and the contradiction between the supply and demand of children's public services.In order to deeply analyze the responsibilities of the main body of children's public services,improve the fiscal guarantee level,meet the urgent requirements,make up for the deficiencies of government finance,and improve the supply efficiency of children's public services.In order to explore the necessity,possibility,feasibility and possible effects of the fiscal guarantee of children's public services.This article focuses on the following aspects:First,constructing a responsible body framework for the provision of children's public services.On the basis of relevant theoretical analysis,this paper theoretically deconstructs the responsibility,concept,scale and mode of children's public service fiscal guarantee,and constructs the responsibility framework for children's public service fiscal guarantee,and deeply analyzes the characteristics of each subject in the process of fiscal guarantee for children's public services.According to its characteristics,the relationship between participation,cooperation and game network is evolved,and then the cooperative model based on comparative advantage and asymmetric rights is formed.Combined with the analysis of the supply efficiency of the main body,the author defines the dominant areas of the public service,and develops a set of normative guidance system that has more explanatory power and guiding significance for the fiscal guarantee practice in children's public service.Second,analyzing the status quo and problems of children's public service supply in China.Firstly,the efficiency of each subject in the provision of children's public services is analyzed from the perspective of vertical and horizontal network relationships.Secondly,it studied on the policy system and status quo of fiscal support for children's supportive,alternative and complementary public services,and further analyzes the practical problems of the fiscal guarantee of children's public services.Third,an empirical analysis is studied.Firstly,building a generational endogenous economic growth model,Considering the scale and structure of fiscal investment for public services,public services for children in the perspective of human capital,and measure its impact on macroeconomic indicators such as economic growth and welfare levels.Secondly,The evidence-based method is used to measure the supply standards of children's education public services in China's existing policies,and to study the fiscal input gap between the existing supply levels and policy requirements.Thirdly,an econometric model is established to measure and forecast the scale of fiscal investment in public education for children in different income levels in the world.Finally,predicting the population of children,combined with the demand for medical public services and actual investment,measuring the fiscal input gap,provides reference and reference for the scale of fiscal guarantee.or children's public services in China.Fourth,it is an international reference for the fiscal guarantee of children's public services in China.Firstly,a comparative analysis of the scale of fiscal expenditures of different children's public service contents in OECD countries is conducted,and the input levels of different countries,the input structure differences and characteristics of children of different ages are obtained.Secondly,the fiscal guarantee content of foreign children's public services is analyzed.Finally,it analyzes the key measures from the perspectives of the central and local government's fiscal rights and powers,the promotion of equalization of children's public services,and the encouragement of multiple entities to participate in children's public service provision.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows.First of all,this paper finds that there are five major problems in the fiscal guarantee of children's public services in China,such as unclear subject responsibility,unclear scope of protection,and large gap in protection.The main reasons for these problems are unclear theoretical definition,inadequate budget management,insufficient government guidance and inadequate legal policies.Secondly,this paper empirically analyzes the scale and structure of public service fiscal investment of different children through the generational endogenous economic growth model.It is found that the fiscal input of children's education public service has positive effects on macroeconomic indicators such as economic growth and welfare level of a country.Using the evidence-based method to measure the supply of children's education public services in China's existing policies,it is found that the funding gap between China's compulsory education policy requirements and actual compulsory education fiscal input is still large.Fourthly,this paper uses the econometric model to measure and predict the scale of fiscal investment for children's education public services in different countries in different income levels.Compared with the scale of investment in public education for children with the same income level,China's fiscal investment still has larger gap.Fifth,the international population forecasting software PADIS-INT is used to forecast the children's population,and combining the public budget expenditures with the per capita investment,calculating the fiscal expenditure needs and gaps of the future public health services for children in China.On the basis of the above,this paper puts forward five policy recommendations for improving the fiscal guarantee of children's public services in China.First,we must rationalize the relationship between the central and local governments,clarify the responsibility of the main body of public services,and encourage multi-agents such as for-profit organizations and non-profit organizations to participate;The second is to expand the scope of fiscal guarantee and improve the level and quality.The nation should enrich the supply content,and the local government should strive to balance supply and demand.At the same time,it should guide social forces to actively participate in the provision of children's public services;Third,rationally adjust the fiscal input structure,and enrich the means of protection from the perspectives of transfer payments,government purchases,government subsidies,and tax incentives;Fourth,strengthen budget management,fine tax management,and improve the efficiency of fund allocation;The fifth is to improve the performance evaluation system,clarify the main body and content of performance evaluation,and refine the evaluation indicators.At the same time,improve relevant laws and regulations,establish a sound supervision mechanism.