Ethics,Contract And Identity:Three Perspectives Of The Analysis On Western Politics Of Responsibility

To live a good and orderly life is an important goal pursued by mankind.Responsibility is the meaning of orderly social life and one of the conditions for realizing human values.Politics of responsibility is an important topic surrounding human social order and political system.Responsibility is not only related to people's daily life,but also involves the institutional construction of political communities.Responsibility is a vital value in political institution like freedom,equality,democracy,etc.Even to some extent,the meaning of responsibility is even higher than other value content.In the specific practice level of responsibility politics,from the civic responsibility to the improvement of the administrative accountability mechanism to the construction of the responsibility system,modern society has built a responsible political system integrating the micro level and the macro level.At the same time,however,excessive emphasis on individual centralism as well as disjuncture between freedom and responsibility has caused floating crisis of modern responsibility.From a realistic perspective,the study of politics of responsibility is urgent.Political science,law,and ethics in the academic world have carried out quite a lot of research on the theory of responsibility politics.On the whole,current research mostly focuses on the responsible government,accountability system,government responsibility,political responsibility,or based on the relationship between responsibility politics and political forms such as democracy and the rule of law.The study of these theories and perspectives has deeply explored a certain aspect of the politics of responsibility,but it has neglected the theory of the theory itself and excavated the connotation,core values and characteristics of it.Politics of responsibility is not only a collection of various values,but also an ethical appeal.It not only combines the basic knowledge of philosophical theory and political science,but also the practical form of real political system.Responsibility politics at different levels constitute the connotation of responsibility politics.Based on the analysis of the connotation of responsibility and responsibility politics,this paper sorts out three analysis perspectives—ethics,contract,identity and logic and combines their internal relationship.On this basis,this paper discusses the historical development and stage characteristics of the politics of the responsibility in political theory and practice in terms of ethics,contract and identity,hoping to grasp the development of responsibility politics.Concept is the cornerstone of theoretical research.The theoretical study of the politics of responsibility is based on the accurate positioning of the political connotation of responsibility.This paper interprets the connotation of responsibility from the perspectives of semantics and academics,and comprehensively understands the connotation of responsibility in the fields of ethics,politics,law and other disciplines.As part of the political responsibility word,politics not only indicates a social relationship,but also the activities of the community,and it is also a decision-making process.On the basis of the definition of responsibility and political connotation,this paper analyzes the connotation of responsibility politics from connotation and extension layers.Politics of responsibility takes responsibility as the core attribute.It is a political form,an institutional arrangement,a value concept and a way of life.This paper attempts to construct an analytical framework of politics of responsibility from the perspective on ethics,contract and identity analysis,so as to summarize the characteristics of the western politics of responsibility,so that we can understand the development of the theory more clearly.It should be pointed out that the analytic perspective of responsibility politics is not the only one.Considering the evolution process of Western political system,this paper selects ethics,contract,and identity as the analytical perspective.Moreover,the analysis of responsibility politics from the three perspectives of contract and identity is both feasible and necessary.From the ethical perspective,the inherent homogeneity of ethics and politics provides the possibility of ethical perspective analysis of responsibility politics.Responsibility fits in ethics and responsibility politics,and it is necessary to analyze and sort out responsible politics from an ethical perspective.Responsibility politics under contractual clues links responsibility to the legitimacy of the state.Analyzing the politics of responsibility from the perspective of contract can help us find the understand how the state and its various systems are organized and constructed by responsibility,and through which methods maintain the operation of the system and the state.Researchers can clearly find what kind of relationship is between the various elements under stability and responsibility politics.Identity is the result of interaction between members of society and the political system,indicating the role of members of society in society and the relationship between individuals and others.In the process of interacting with other people and organizations,people determine their responsibilities and fulfill their responsibilities through identity.What needs to be pointed out is that ethics,contract,and identity are not all the same.These three clues are always intertwined and work together at the then responsible political form.The purpose attribute of the contract determines its ethical value;the signing of the contract establishes the identity nature of the members of society;the "rational" of ethics has the nature of contract;the identity of members of society reflects the ethical value of the time.Politics of responsibility is not just a political form that is generally recognized by the state and citizens as being responsible for each other and with the same powers and responsibilities.There are differences in the form and content of specific politics of responsibility constructed by different political backgrounds and political values.To sort out the politics of responsibility from the three perspectives of ethics,contract and identity is to summarize and analyze different forms of it.From a logical point of view,ethical relations point to the object of responsibility politics,and the "rational" of ethics corresponds to the purpose of responsibility politics.The purpose of ethics is to examine the characteristics and evolution of responsible politics in terms of responsibility and responsibility.Responsibility politics in ancient Greece reflected the responsibility of the city-state community for the purpose of “goodness”.City-states have natural priorities compared to individuals.In the Middle Ages,based on Christian religious beliefs,people were responsible to God in order to obtain redemption and to use faith as a means.The other's theory establishes the object of responsibility for the other in the examination of the relationship between the self and the other,and is responsible to the other in the response.The further development of politics of responsibiity aims to reconstruct an ethical purpose of pursuing individual interests while highlighting the public nature of it and being responsible for the overall public interest.The logic of the politics of responsibility from the perspective of contract is that the contractual agreement constructs the relationship between the subject and the object of responsibility,the contract rules optimize the order of responsibility politics,and the contract defines the content of responsibility politics.The ancient Greek contract was mainly manifested in the economic and political aspects,while the ancient Roman period was fixed by law.The modern social contract theory after the Enlightenment explained the origin of the state through the arguments about the state of nature and natural human rights,which showed the conditions of the legitimacy of the state and stipulated the content of the politics of responsibility.The contemporary social contract theorists,represented by Rawls and Nozick,used the social contract theory as a method to demonstrate the state's responsibility to promote the distribution of justice or to maintain justice.The logic of responsibility politics from the perspective of identity lies in the content of identity and regulation integration,and the identity system highlights the form of responsibility politics.Responsibility politics presents different situations and content on the basis of identity.In general,citizenship has undergone a transformation from subjects to citizens.With this change,the content of responsibility has also changed from the responsibility of the subjects under the dependency relationship to the responsibility of equal rights with citizens.The social membership of the ancient Greek period is more special.During this period,the concept of citizenship existed in the city-state community,but the connotation and extension of this city-state citizenship is far from the citizens of modern society.In this form of politics of responsibility,the responsibility of city-state citizens is not equal to their rights.The content of the responsibility is mainly related to the participation of city-state affairs and the defense of city-states and other aspects related to city life.The reference to history is the source and driving force of the development of modern society.Only by grasping the characteristics of things can we further improve it.In the combing of the basic knowledge of politics of responsibility and principles,this paper sorts out the historical development and characteristics from the perspectives of ethics,contract and identity,hoping to provide some reference for the current research on responsible politics and show ideas for the concrete construction of current responsibility politics.