State Nature,Regime,Identity

What kind of country should Pakistan be built? This is the core proposition in the country's nation-state building process,and it is also the value inquiry that has long troubled its citizens and every overseas observer.As a modern nation-state reconstructed after the colonial empire retreated,it was planned by its founders as a secular,democratic and unified federal political body to catch up with the soaring modernization of the world and join the world's nations as soon as possible.But in the nation-state building process that followed,Pakistan deviated from its original vision of statehood under the influence of religion,the army and centrifugal forces,and became increasingly sceptical about its own identity.This article selected from 1947 to 1988,trying to excavated from Pakistan's early history of mosque and state,military and political conflict,identity contradictions of three parallel mixed development context,to explore it contains in its national characteristics and the future trend in the process of the building of long-term,and the process of interpretation set up by the state nature,regime,with three dimensions constitute a three-dimensional picture.The introduction of this paper mainly puts forward the academic and practical significance of this research,sorts out the domestic and foreign research achievements on various fields and theories of state construction in Pakistan,points out the existing problems and shortcomings,and explains the research ideas and structure of this paper.Chapter 1: The historical background of the independence of south Asian MuslimsThe purpose of this chapter is to provide an in-depth historical orientation for the founding of Pakistan,to explain the context and purpose in which Muslims in British India sought independence,and the inherent conditions and historical mission of the newly established Pakistani state.The first part explains the historical origin of the sharp contradiction between Muslims and Hindus by combing through the history of Muslim conquest of the south Asian subcontinent,but also points out that the complex of civilizations which can be called "Indo-Islamic civilization" has been shaped by the conflict and fusion.The second part mainly discusses the history of "Late Mughal"(1707-1857)and British India(1857-1947),analyzes the colonial crisis encountered by south Asian Muslims in this period,and focuses on the two theories formed in the process of coping with the crisis,which advocate "Islamic revival" and "Islamic modernism".The third part explore the Islamic modernism in the 20 th century in the field of political achievements,namely south Asian Muslim political awakening consciousness,and the Muslim league was founded,the theory of "two people" forming,"Pakistan" concept is put forward,the Lahore resolution signed by time clues,teasing out the Muslim political idea transformation process from autonomy to independence.Chapter 2: The Construction of Pakistan's State Nature This chapter aims to explore the two paths of secular state and religious state,and focuses on the gradual establishment of the dominant position of religious route,centering on the struggle for the right to define the nature of state in Pakistan.The first part traces of the era of British India religious contradiction,is pointed out that the rise of Hindu ideology and the Indian government's policy of "divide and conquer" increased Muslim with concerns about their situation,its internal and therefore in flood fundamentalist Islam and two paths in started their respective theoretical reconstruction,social mobilization,and discusses the "the party"(JI)and "Islamic sage will"(JUI)as the mobilization results during the period of the establishment of the process.The second part to between 1947 and 1977,Islamization processes asinvestigation object,from the secular characteristics and put forward by the Jinnah decline reasons,and then through the analysis of before and after the target resolution(1949)and three of the constitution(1956,1962,1973)in the text about the properties of the Islamic countries,to clarify religious force in the period of the political demands.To between 1977 and 1988,the third section Islamization processes as investigation object,and points out that the Zia Huq government-led Islamisation is a comprehensive religious movement beyond the constitution level,clarify its specific performance in the country's public life,and emphatically discusses the eleventh year of the profound influence in the field of sectarian politics and fundamentalism.Chapter 3: The Construction of Pakistan's National Polity This chapter focuses on the process of building Pakistan's political system,especially the long-term damage done by the army to its constitution and regime,and examines the military buildup during this period.The first part focuses on how the army gradually acquired the ability and will to intervene in politics in the early period of the founding of the People's Republic of China,and how the army intervened in politics before the establishment of the military government in 1958.The second part takes the two long periods of military government(1958-1971,1977-1988)and the short period of restoration of civilian government(1971-1977)as the context to explore the various reasons for the military coup and the behavior patterns of the consolidation of military government,and also includes the behavior choices of key figures under specific circumstances.The third part attempts to reveal the influence of the tension between the military and the government on the constitution construction,especially the key points of the tension between the military and the political parties at the constitutional level,as well as the long-term influence left by the frequent revision,suspension,abolition and re-enactment of the constitution.Chapter 4: The Construction of Pakistan's National IdentityThis chapter aims to reveal a key proposition: although the state of Pakistan has been established,the construction of national identity still has a long way to go.What stands in the way of the national identity project is the non-national identity including ethnic groups(cultural ethnic groups),religious sects,tribes,urban and rural areas.The first part discusses the contradiction between the east and west wings of Pakistan before 1971,pointing out that this contradiction is not only inherent in its geographical and cultural isolation,but also the unwillingness of the political elite of west Pakistan to share power with east Pakistan,which led to the civil war and division between the two sides in 1971.The second part focuses on the claims of various ethnic groups in west Pakistan,respectively discussing the historical origins of Sindh,Pashtun and Baluchistan national identity,as well as their political demands in modern Pakistan.Based on the evolution of demands of various ethnic groups in west Pakistan,this part also tries to show that the secession of east Pakistan in 1971 caused a wide range of "chain reactions" in west Pakistan,and takes the emergence of Mohajir nationalism in the 1970 s as the fourth object of investigation.The third part is based on a variety of national,tribal,urban and rural identity,and points out the specific relationship between them and cultural and ethnic identity,so as to further prove the complex characteristics of Pakistan's non-state identity,as well as the difficulties in the construction of national identity.In the conclusion of the dissertation,the theme of "nation-state building in Pakistan" is summarized and further refined in four steps.First,it summarizes the historical orientation of Pakistan,points out its significance to the Muslim community in South Asia,and points out its influence on the realpolitik.Secondly,the author summarizes the dimensions of state structure,regime and identity,and discusses that the three dimensions are manifested as three sets of structural contradictions in Pakistan(secularism and Islamization,military intervention and democratic appeal,national identity and non-national identity).Thirdly,the author tries to find the interaction between the three dimensions,and classifies these interactions into two modes: "logical correlation type" and "realistic strategy type",so as to construct a relativelycomplete country of Pakistan and construct a three-dimensional picture.Fourth,based on the common historical background of Pakistan and India,the author compares the construction achievements of the two countries in the same period to evaluate Pakistan's nation-state building.