Study On The Securitization Of The Arctic Region And The Conception Of Arctic Circumpolar Super Complex

In recent years,the securitization trend in the Arctic has become increasingly apparent.The securitization in the political,economic,military,and environmental sectors has profoundly affected the Arctic and Near-Arctic countries in the arctic circumpolar region,and has gradually spilled over into the world.Arctic security has been included in the National Security System by some countries and has become an important part of National Security Strategies.With the return of the United States and NATO to the Arctic,the global game relationship between the United States and Russia has been projected to the Arctic region,"Arctic exceptionalism" has been challenged,and the security dynamics between the United States,Russia and EU in the Arctic has become more frequent,and a strong regionalization trend has emerged.Based on the Regional Security Complexes Theory(RSCT),and the securitization of the Arctic,constructing the “Arctic Circumpolar Super Complex” can not only make up for the lack of Copenhagen school 's security research in the Arctic region,but also create a new understanding of Arctic security for China and promote the revision and improvement of Arctic Policy,better fulfill the responsibility of the great powers in Arctic governance,and provide reference for safeguarding China's Arctic security interests.RSCT is an important theory of Copenhagen school's regional security research.It mainly discusses related security issues that actors cannot separate in the process of securitization or desecuritization.RSCT is built on the basis of a "security constellation" composed of different actors,different levels,and different sectors of security dynamics.Different from traditional regional research,RSCT defines "security" as a special politics above all politics,defines "state" as a combination of "territory-political-society",and describes "security constellation" as a complete model formed by four levels of security dynamicss among domestic and regional,interregional,global levels.The four essential structure variables of “anarchic structure”,“boundary”,“polarity”,and “social construction” are proposed.According to the different essential structure variables,unstructured security regions,overlaid security regions,standard security complex,centred security complex,great power security complex and supercomplex and so on,and the development prospects of maintaining the status quo,internal transformation,external transformation are proposed.The "Arctic Circumpolar Super Complex" is based on the securitization of the political,economic,military,and environmental sectors of the Arctic region,and is composed of the security complexes of North America,Europe,and the circum-Russian region and its "inner ring" Arctic region.Interregional "security constellation" at the interregional level.Concerns over Russian military threats,the construction and improvement of the Arctic cooperation mechanism,and the recognition of security and environmental dependencies have provided regionalizing forces for the formation of the "Arctic Circumpolar Super Complex".The superpower United States and the global level powers Russia and the European Union are three "polar" countries in the supercomplex.The global competitive relationship between the United States and Europe and Russia has spilled over into the "social construction" of Arctic region,which has an important impact on the security dynamics of the supercomplex at the domestic and regional,interregional and global levels.The construction of the "Arctic Circumpolar Super Complex" is still in the formation stage.In the near term,the return of the United States and NATO will further intensify the security dynamics between the United States,EU and Russia within the supercomplex,and further promote the formation of the supercomplex.In the medium term,the United States will regard the Arctic as a critical region of National Security Strategy and complete the corresponding Arctic military deployment.Within the supercomplex,American-style "unipolar" may appear to replace the "multi-polar" structure of the United States,Russia,and EU.The security dynamics capacity and intensity of security complexes in surrounding regions will continue to increase.In the long run,as the Arctic ergional security dynamics become more frequent,the existingArctic regional governance and cooperation mechanisms will gradually develop into the basis of regional security regime,and the "Arctic Circumpolar Super Complex" will also enter a phase of coordinated security regim.Affected by the multi-dimensional of theoretical constraints,reality rheology and practical games,constructing the "Arctic Circumpolar Super Complex" still faces many challenges.China is a "Near-Arctic country" and an important stakeholder in Arctic affairs.Arctic security is related to the security of China's "Strategic New Frontier".The Arctic regional securitization has a real impact on China's Arctic resources,shipping routes,environment,scientific research,cooperation and other interests.The construction of the "Arctic Circumpolar Super Complex" brings potential risks to China's Arctic identity,Arctic security and Arctic cooperation,as well as higher requirements for China's Arctic Strategy.For Arctic identity,we should make clear the identity of "Near-Arctic country" and constantly enrich its political and international law connotation.For Arctic cooperation,we should conform to the expectations of Arctic countries and promote the construction of the "Polar Silk Road".For Arctic security,we should build a new Arctic partnership and accelerate the construction of the "Blue Partnership" network.For Arctic governance,we should respond to the reform of the Arctic Council(AC)call and improve institutional discourse.We will resolutely safeguard the legitimate rights in developing and taking advantage of the Arctic,and earnestly fulfill the responsibility of a great power to govern and protect the Arctic.