| Space is one of the core concepts of human geography and urban space production,integrated with Postmodernism and New Marxism,has been gained growing concern.Taken urban space for sports as the study object,the dissertation sorts it out systematically following a logical order of“background and problems---theories and framework---process and case study---prospect and conclusion”.After a discussion of the production subject and the mode of urban space production for sports,the dynamic mechanism of space production is summarized and representative cases in Wuhan have been selected to do the research.The whole dissertation can be divided into the following six chapters.Chapter one as an introduction mainly focuses on the analysis of research background and significance.On the one hand,along with the trend of public fitness and an increasing demand for sports products,the issue of urban space for sports is becoming prominent in reality.On the other hand,a renewed recognition to space is theoretically promoted in academia through Postmodernism,New Marxism,the space turn of human geography as well as a comprehensive discipline system of sports geography,which defines the“sports space”as a form of space where people can take exercise and have a relax.From this perspective,there is a profound realistic and theoretical significance to study the urban space production for sports systematically.Chapter two is the literature review,introducing to the research status at home and abroad.Since space production has become a hot and frontier research subject,its mature theory and research methods contribute to abundant findings.However,researches from the perspective of Sports Science are currently centering on planning,demand and supply,operational management,policy and regulations.In addition,with a weak scale of research at macro and meso level,it is insufficient to carry on researches from space production,and spatial and quantitative research methods are seldom combined in the research.As the result,prevailing research paradigm has not yet formed.Chapter three systematically summarizes theories of urban space production for sports.By grasping the fundamental characteristics of System theory,Space production theory and Postmodernism theory,the author points out implications of theories,which laid the foundation for the dissertation.Chapter four is an analysis of background and process of urban space production for sports.There is five periods presented about space production for sports in Wuhan according to a time order:the period before liberation of China?1860-1949?,the period before the reform and opening up?1949-1978?,the initial stage of reform and opening-up?1978-1992?,the transition period of the socialist market economy?1992-2003?,the period of building a moderately prosperous society?2003-2015?.?1?Before the liberation?1860-1949?,China was a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society,during which period feudal ruling regime,modern western sports,modern industrial enterprises and social groups were respectively the driving force,catalyst,focuses and tipping points for urban space production for sports in Wuhan.Later,concession area withdrew from the history gradually in the semi-colonial and semi-capitalist society so that the national government acted as the organizer and perpetrator,leading enterprises to develop urban space for sports.However,long-term wars were greatly hindered the further development of sports space.?2?Before the reform and opening-up?1949-1978?,the planned economy system was implemented in the whole society,so the government allocated the space resources to enterprises and institutions at various administrative levels and functional properties by launching relevant policies.While a number of relatively independent completed daily sports space were formed around the public residential units,which possessed strong political implications.?3?The initial stage of reform and opening-up?1978-1992?was featured by the planned economy supplemented by market regulation.The government was the macro organizer to develop urban space for sports and enterprises were the indirect participants supporting it mostly by donations.The public,as the major beneficiary in the future,failed to be the consumer to urban sports space because of their low income and passive incentive.?4?The transition period of the socialist market economy?1992-2003?had witnessed changes of the government in its ruling concepts.More specifically,crucial decisions were firstly made by the government to encourage the investment and management of sports;and policies,regulations and tax system were formulated to enterprises and the public for a correct concept to sports.With a principle of“He who makes contributions would obtain the benefits”to explore more open space,progress was made for a full range,diverse,three-dimensional development,providing benefits to space developers from different aspects.In this way,a joint force was ultimately formed as participants were willing to join into the space production.?5?In the period of building a moderately prosperous society?2003-2015?,the dominance of the market is highlighted with a clear market-government relationship.The government transforms its role from the main force to a modulator,enterprises emerging forces and the public significant participants.In the dissertation,representative cases of urban space production for sports in different periods have been selected to make an analysis.Formal sports space has experienced four patterns,namely“scattering spots?two cores?point+axis?multi center?three cores”,while city parks and urban greenways are picked out as the informal to analyze,because parks are characterized by a distribution along areas and transport axis,and the network of urban greenways built in the inner city of Wuhan in a form of“one ring,two axes,five areas”,the overall plan of which is to develop a pattern of“one core,six lakes and ten main lines”.Chapter five puts forward five approaches to develop space for sports in Wuhan after an analysis of background of the national situation,sports industry and the development of Wuhan during the period of the 13th Five-year plan?2016-2020?.Chapter six consists of summary,deficiency and further researches.In this part,the major conclusion and innovation of the dissertation are summarized and further researches are proposed based on the analysis of the whole research.Through systematic research on urban space production for sports,the following conclusions are obtained:?1?Urban space for sports is the product of social relations.In other words,it is reshaped by power,capital,social status and other political and economic factors.?2?Urban space production for sports generally owns continuity of time and space with an increasing level of production.)3(The driving force of urban space production for sports is mainly manifested by the direction of government,the leading role of enterprises and the participation of the public,but the essence is that it is a joint outcome co-determined by multiple forces,including powers,capital and social status and so on. |
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