The Research On The Enhancement Path Of China's Export Productivity

The export productivity has been an issue which economics have always shown strong interest on it.As to the relationship between exports and productivity,the economists tend to focus on the relationship between exports and economic growth in the past.However,The concept "Economic growth" is a relatively vague and it's measuring indicators are not very scientific and explicit.So,here in our paper,Economic growth is defined as the improvement of productivity,and the most important measuring indicator is export sector's total factor productivity growth rate(TFP).In addition,we also used the per capita GDP,per capita wages as another two indicators.This paper extend the export productivity model from Micro-enterprises field to macro-industry field.At the same time,it combines microeconomic theory with macro data,and the carry out empirical analysis.In this paper,the research on export productivity is mainly concentrated on four respects:the influence of differentiation of export variety on export productivity,the influence of differentiation of export destination markets on export productivity,the calculation on export productivity based on cost discovery in independent homeland R&D,the influence of import R&D on export productivity.Through theoretical and empirical research,we have got the results as follows:The influence of product variety differentiation on export production efficiency is mainly reflected on two marginal effect of exportation.The one hand,the increase in the exports of new product variety will enhance the research investment and lead to product risks to be decentralized,which have improved the export extensive marginal effect and improved total factor productivity of the export sector.On the other hand,the increase in exports of the original product variety will enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises and improve export intensive marginal effect.However,if the quality of exported products can not be improved,meanwhile,the price effect is not obvious,which shows China's intensive marginal effect of export growth is brought just only by export number growth and is possible to make China fall into a hazards of "export impoverishment growth".Export destination market' characteristics has placed a key role in commodity prices,through affecting price,it can establish some kind of direct correlation with the export productivity.In general,consumers in high income market will have a lower marginal utility of income.It is because that high income customers are sure to have a higher quality requirements to export commodities.So,exporters generally export high-quality goods to high-income market while export low-quality goods to low-income market.China's export is mostly mainly concentrated in developed countries,because Chinese enterprises have their specific export behavioral characteristics in the initial exportation.That's to say,China'initial export is firstly satisfied with customer'demand level in high-income countries,and then,the low-income customer' demand the second.China's exporters will choose to produce different export quality according to different export destination.In a fact,the degree of quality differentiation of Chinese goods is not very high,even the quality differentiation can be ignored on the whole.To the contrary,when Enterprises in developed countries export differently.When they choose their export behavior,they are facing with the global market,not single or concentrated market,so they will prefer different export destination in order to meet different consumer's demands according to different quality of goods.Because China's exports are too concentrated in one market,China' exporters will have great export risks and will face a stronger external economic shocks which can easily lead to a collapse of China's exports.Based on a risk-averse self-selection mechanism,Chinese exporters continued to decline the export shares in high-income export markets recently,and rise the export shares in low-income export markets,especially in those markets,where is neighboring export markets adjacent to China and have the same language and similar culture,such as ASEAN and Southeast Asia market.The risks dispersion of this export destination market actually not only increase the export production efficiency,but also increased the average wage of an industry and augment the numbers of R&D staff,that's to say,the dispersion of export destination market actually improve export technique efficiency.Moreover,we have found,the most important key way to enhance export productivity lies in exporter' R&D behavior and its human capital enhancement.Based on enterprise's cost discovery in R&D,if external effect of R&D behavior and R&D sunk costs is smaller,the enterprise will have greater interest in R&D activity,and input more R&D capital in operation.As a result,export sectors will have a higher export productivity.Through this way,the enterprise'R&D behavior can affect a country's specialization pattern and export pattern.In addition,a country's GDP per capita and the inherent labor division mode can also affect a country's export productivity.In general,if a country own a higher GDP per capita,as well as a relatively greater exportation weight share in high efficiency industry,the country will have a higher export productivity.Independent domestic R&D behavior and capital inputs in R&D have played absolutely positive roles in enhancement of export productivity.Moreover,R&D of imports overflow effect has also played the key and positive role in the growth of export productivity and total factor productivity.Our paper makes use of R&D intensity of OECD countries,calculates the scale of China's imports of R&D overflow effect.We uses imports of R&D overflow variable,independent R&D variable as two independent variables,with which we can analyze the relationship between the variables and sector total factor productivity growth.Further,we also found that import competition leads to a negative extrusion effect to sector total factor productivity efficiency.However,overflow effect of import R&D as well as independent domestic R&D both have brought forward positive enhancement effect to total factor productivity,but positive effect resulted from the former is bigger than the latter,and domestic R&D is the most important factor to enhance the export productivity.In addition,compared with imports,we found exports leads to a greater positive impact on TFP efficiency which is the key factor to improve the production efficiency.Based on the above mentioned research,we analyses the key factors that affect China's export productivity and put forward the relative export productivity enhancement path,then we obtains the relevant countermeasures and conclusions.First of all,we believe that the most important key factor to improve the export productivity of micro-enterprise lies in enterprise' R&D behavior,as well as intensity of skilled workers.The elements of R&D and intensity of skilled workers are the two most important and indispensable factors.R&D behavior refers to enterprises innovation activity,including the developing of new products and promoting quality of old products.Technical elements refer to number enhancement of skilled workers.So,an enterprise with more skilled workers will operate more efficiently,will also make the "learning by doing" effect to get a maximum diffusion and penetration.Second,we should effectively absorb international R&D spillovers.On the one hand,by imports of technology-intensive intermediate goods,international R&D diffusion is to have the ability to get a more effective absorption.On the other hand,import competition has brought negative configuration in elements,which descend the potential high-efficiency exporter's exporting competitive power and reallocate the resources to low-efficiency domestic producers.In addition,large-scale processing trade are concentrated in low value-added and low technology level labor-intensive industries,so technology spillover effect is very small.As a result,when enterprise are importing intermediate goods,they should pay more attention to adjustment of the import structure,not to import blindly and not to construct repeatedly with a view of overcoming the negative effects of import competition.