| In recent years,with the "three superimposed" new normal period,China's economic reform has entered a critical stage.In November 2015,the central government proposed to improve the productivity of the community for the purpose of factor-driven transformation into innovation-driven supply side of the reform,emphasizing the supply side of the force,efforts to improve the quality of the supply system.Innovation-driven development is the core of the supply-side reforms.In July 2016,"public entrepreneurship,innovation" was written in thirteen five plan.At this point,innovation has become the theme of today's era.Innovation here refers mainly to "technological innovation",is the enterprise in the production process of technological progress and technological innovation in general,is the real direction of supply side reform,but also the main content of this study.Innovation has been able to promote economic growth,since the bear bit of innovation theory,this theory has gone through more than 100 years of practice and verification.Throughout the development of the world economy,innovation has become a strategic approach to the economic development of various countries.However,innovation is not overnight,it is a complex system that needs to go through a long exploration and exploration.Knowledge and technological innovation itself is agile and uncertain,technological innovation process in every part of the need to go through numerous failures,therefore,a strong capital investment to become the basis and guarantee of innovation.Uncertainty and the high investment of funds form the high risk of enterprise technological innovation.Not only that,because innovation is knowledge,with the nature of public goods,therefore,the spillover effect of technological innovation also makes a lot of enterprises on its discouraged.Innovation itself has these characteristics are hindering enterprises to carry out technological innovation "stumbling block",an important reason leading to market failure.The government's macro-control can avoid and solve the problems in the process of technological innovation,so that the smooth progress of innovation.It is not difficult to find that path dependence is also one of the important factors influencing the technological innovation of the enterprise by using the evolutionary economics perspective from the short-term static equilibrium to the long-term dynamic technological change.The government is the baton to break the technical disadvantage and guide technological innovation.Thus,the government play a macro-control role in the smooth realization of innovation and development of enterprises is of great significance.In recent years,China has adopted a variety of support measures,including tax incentives,financial subsidies,financial credit,administrative control,from a different point of view to encourage enterprises to carry out technological innovation.Among the many support policies,tax incentives are one of the most common and most widely used support policies,and have made positive contributions to the promotion and promotion of technological innovation.So,what is the effect of tax incentives to promote technological innovation?What is its mechanism of action?Is the effect of tax incentives with indirect support and the effect of financial support policies with direct support and the impact of industrial policies with comprehensive policy effects on technological innovation?In China's special political and economic environment background,different policies can effectively play a supporting role?The above issues are worthy of attention and research.First of all,by reading and sorting relevant literature at home and abroad,summarize and analyze the relevant research on innovation,government behavior to support enterprise technological innovation and tax incentives to stimulate technological innovation of enterprises,lay a solid foundation for the research of the article Secondly,the paper analyzes the development of innovation theory,sums up the theoretical mechanism of government action to support enterprise technological innovation,sums up the tax preferential policies to support the theoretical mechanism of technological innovation,analyzes the effect of different taxes on innovation,uncovers tax preferential policies to promote enterprise technological innovation The paper summarizes and summarizes the existing tax preferential policies for promoting technological innovation in China by combing the tax preferential policies of China's tax preferential policies,The characteristics and shortcomings of the policy;again,the article through three empirical analysis to further explore the tax preferential policies affect the role of technological innovation mechanism.The first empirical analysis will focus on the different stages of enterprise technological innovation,build a CDM model that reveals the innovative "black box",and use the three-stage least squares system estimation method(3SLS)to analyze the impact of tax incentives on different innovation stages and The results show that the tax preferential policies have a significant positive impact on the innovation and investment of the R&D enterprises.The preferential tax policies can promote the innovation and output of the enterprises,mainly through the indirect effect of R&D investment.The tax preferential policies are Of the innovative performance also has a catalytic role,mainly through innovative inputs and further innovation and output to achieve indirect effects.Furthermore,the two-stage least squares(2SLS)is used to validate the robustness of the empirical results,and the single-equation estimation of the fixed effect is used to reveal and validate the tax incentives to influence the innovation output and further influence the innovation performance Mechanism of action.The second empirical analysis constructs the CDM model with feedback mechanism,and uses the three-stage least squares system estimation method(3SLS)to examine the tax preferential policies with indirect support effect,the financial subsidy policy with direct support effect and the comprehensive policy effect The Impact of Industrial Policy on Enterprise Technological Innovation.The results show that tax incentives,financial subsidies and industrial policies have significant positive impact on the different stages of R&D innovation.Furthermore,the two-stage least squares(2SLS)is used to test the results,and the empirical results are robust.In addition,the selection of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" during the adjustment of industrial policies as a natural experiment,the empirical results of industrial policy double differential test,the same strong proof of the robustness of the empirical results.The third empirical research will be incorporated into the system of political association under the background,through theoretical analysis,the mechanism of tax policy and financial subsidy policy,the impact of technological innovation between the two empirical test,the results show that the political association has an inhibitory effect on the financial subsidies to promote innovation,but the political connection has little influence on tax incentives to promote enterprise technology innovation.Through the analysis of the process logic of financial subsidies and tax incentives to influence the technological innovation of enterprises,this paper tries to find out the applicable conditions of different policies,and provides the basis for the implementation of the two policies.Based on the above analysis,the paper puts forward the following policy recommendations:first,increase the support of innovation policy,the implementation of preferential tax policies to promote innovation incentives.Although China has introduced a number of supporting policies to stimulate technological innovation,but compared to the same period in the international level,China is still at a lower level of government support for innovation.The rule of law and the institutional environment is not perfect,is a true portrayal of China's current national conditions,therefore,in the formulation of policies can not ignore the reality of the problem.The ex post incentive mechanism of tax incentives can avoid the risks that may arise from the system defects,and should be the main way of policy support.Of course,each support policy has its own nature,characteristics and applicable conditions.In order to avoid the defects of the main support policy,formulate the auxiliary policy to avoid the defects,multi pronged approach,to play a comprehensive role in supporting policies to achieve the maximum efficiency of innovation support.Second,expand the scope of tax incentives,so as to focus on comprehensive support.Tax policy emphasizes the maintenance of fair market mechanism,it should break the boundaries of the region,industry boundaries,the boundaries of the industry and the discrimination of ownership,so that enterprises enjoy equal tax treatment.Small and micro enterprises are the new force of national innovation,reflecting the inherent growth of national scientific and technological innovation capability,with the potential for innovation and development.Therefore,small and micro enterprises should become the focus of support for the object.Strategic emerging industries with high added value,with great potential for growth,is the leading industry and pillar industry in the future economic development.Therefore,the support policy should focus on strategic emerging industries.Third,the implementation of indirect tax based tax incentives,so that the combination of multi-mode tax incentives.The indirect preferential policies due to the form of flexible,targeted,close to the enterprise R&D and production line,and in different stages of the enterprise technology innovation,promote enterprise technological innovation activities smoothly.In comparison,the direct preferential policies focus on the ex post incentive,and corporate R&D investment,R&D and production links,less relevant,policy oriented and policy effects have limitations.But all the existing significance and value of various policies,the implementation of a comprehensive incentive mode combined with a variety of preferential tax mode to indirect preferential policy is conducive to avoid the disadvantages of different policies,preferential tax policies play various strengths,to achieve maximum incentive effect.Fourth,we should strengthen the building of a fair and equitable system environment.Improve the support policy in advance,after the event and after the supervision mechanism is to support the policy to play an effective role in the protection.Clear positioning support,develop evaluation mechanism,eliminate discriminatory policies,to formulate a scientific assessment mechanism,research progress of real-time supervision of enterprises,and make relevant "breach of regulations",stimulate enthusiasm and initiative of enterprise innovation.By improving the transparency and fairness of the implementation of the policy,cut off the rent-seeking channels of enterprises and government officials,reduce the opportunity for government officials to rent to the enterprise,reduce the development of enterprises through rent-seeking.On the other hand,weakening administrative examination and approval,the introduction of market mechanisms.The government should be gradual decentralization of economic resources management of the administrative examination and approval rights,clear responsibility list,break administrative monopoly,gradually formed the market allocation of resources and effective mechanism of incentive and restraint mechanism of technological innovation,to enable enterprises to enter the benign competition track,promote the process of market economy China. |
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