| Agricultural insurance is an important tool of modern agriculture risk management.It can transfer and disperse the risk of agriculture,and make up for the disaster loss.At the same time,agricultural insurance as a kind of agricultural protection of international practice,and is allowed by the WTO agriculture agreement “green box policy”.Therefore agricultural insurance is widely favored by governments all over the world.Since 2007,China has implemented the Central Financial Insurance Premium Subsidy Policy.Its purpose is to establish risk prevention mechanisms for agricultural disasters through insurance measures.And agricultural insurance plays an important role in disaster,making up for farmers' losses due to disasters,smoothing the income fluctuations of farm households,adjusting and promoting farmer households' agricultural production practices,ensuring agricultural output and national food security,enhancing the international competitiveness of agriculture.Since the implementation of the policy,China's policy based agricultural insurance has developed rapidly.In 2014,China became the second largest agricultural insurance market in the world.Although the policy based agricultural insurance has made great achievements,it also exposes many problems.At the same time,with the new normal economy in China,the reform of the rural land system,the emergence of new agricultural management bodies and the implementation of the agricultural insurance regulations,the development of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in China is facing a new environment,and the policy agriculture should be further developed.The role of industry insurance in the “three rural” needs to evaluate the current performance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance,and analyze the factors that affect the performance.At same time,we should discuss how to improve it on this basis.Based on the above background,this study selected China's largest agricultural province and its main grain producing area,Heilongjiang Province,as its research area.First of all,we construct the performance evaluation index system of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in Heilongjiang Province from the three major interest related subjects of farmers,insurance companies and the government.And based on statistical data and research data,the performances were analyzed by statistically.Then,the performance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance performance in Heilongjiang Province was evaluated using entropy-grey correlation analysis.Secondly,based onthe results of performance evaluation,an analytical framework of “impact mechanism-realistic performance-empirical test” was established.We study the influencing factors of performance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in Heilongjiang Province,Comprehensively using descriptive statistical analysis,regression analysis,structural equation analysis,elasticity analysis and other data analysis methods,and with the aid of statistical software SPSS,STATA,AMOS.Thirdly,on the basis of performance evaluation and impact analysis,the study discussed the path of optimization and innovation of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in Heilongjiang Province Finally,the countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the improvement of policy-oriented agricultural insurance performance and achieving optimal innovation in Heilongjiang Province were proposed.The following were the main contents and conclusions of the paper:(1)Research on theory of policy-oriented agricultural insurance,development history and status quo of policy-oriented agricultural insurance of Heilongjiang Province.Through the research in this part,it concluded that the development of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in Heilongjiang Province had gone through three stages,namely,a tortuous development stage,a pattern exploration phase,and a vigorous development stage.At present,the policy agricultural insurance in Heilongjiang Province is carried out under the principles of “government guidance,market operation,voluntary voluntariness,coordinated advancement,clear responsibilities,‘five open,three-to-house' ”.And the operating institutions of policy-oriented agricultural insurance mainly include Sunlight Agricultural Mutual Insurance Company,People's Insurance Company of China,etc.Then the scope of premium subsidies is mainly crops and large livestock.(2)The performance evaluation index of policy agricultural insurance in Heilongjiang is analyzed.From the three dimensions of peasant households,insurance companies,and government,this study constructed performance evaluation index system of policy-oriented agricultural insurance including 3 levels and 26 indicators.And,based on the statistical data of Heilongjiang Province in 2008-2016 and the survey data of 916 households,the performance evaluation index of policy agricultural insurance in Heilongjiang is analyzed.The analysis concludes that: first,policy-oriented agricultural insurance had a certain role in stabilizing farmers' income.But farmers' level of satisfaction with policy-oriented agricultural insurance,such as the protection level and service level,was not high,and the enthusiasm for participation in insurance is not high.Second,the insurance companies were more stable in the implementation of the agricultural insurance organizations,and the introduction of advanced technology to improve their implementation ability,but the high rate of compensation had constrained the further development of insurance companies.Third,premium subsidy funds of government gradually increased,and the proportion of subsidies was relatively stable.Meanwhile the role of subsidy funds became increasingly evident.Then agriculture and agricultural insurance developed rapidly and steadily.(3)Performance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance of Heilongjiang Province was evaluated form overall level and three dimensional levels.Based on the index system construction of policy-oriented agricultural insurance of Heilongjiang province and index analysis,theperformance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in Heilongjiang Province was evaluated by entropy-grey correlation method.The analysis concluded the following.During the period from2008 to 2016,the overall performance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in Heilongjiang Province had improved,but the overall performance score was not high.So there was still much room for improvement.The dimensional performance of rural households had improved,and the scores of stable income indicators and enthusiasm indicators had increased year by year.This indicated that with the deepening of policy-based agricultural insurance,farmers' insurance awareness had increased,and the participation rate had continued to increase.But the premium burden had become more relevant.The scores were relatively low and fluctuate greatly,but the proportion of premium expenditure in peasant consumption were still relatively high,and the farmers' premium burden were heavier.The insurance company's dimensional performance fluctuated greatly and its score was low.The scores of the correlation scores of the service capability indicators rose,and the scores of the risk prevention and control capabilities indicators remained high except for a maximum in 2015.It can be seen that the level of policy-oriented agricultural insurance services,risk prevention and control capabilities in Heilongjiang Province had all improved.The correlation scores of the management level indicators were at a comparative level and fluctuate greatly,which showed that the policy-oriented agricultural insurance business had low and unstable operating efficiency.The performance of the government dimension showed a fluctuating upward trend with a relatively high score.The use of subsidy funds,agricultural insurance development indicators and agricultural development indicators showed a fluctuating upward trend,indicating that the role of premium subsidies was significant.At the same time,agricultural insurance and agriculture had developed well during this period.(4)Based on the analysis framework of “Influence Mechanism-Realistic PerformanceEmpirical Test”,this study in-depth analyzed the influencing factors of performance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in Heilongjiang Province.Based on relevant theoretical studies and performance evaluation of policy-oriented agricultural insurance,through literature review and field research,four major factors affecting the performance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance were presented: effective demand of policy-oriented agricultural insurance,supply capacity,government actions,and agricultural disaster risk.The influence of various factors on the performance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance were analyzed from the three aspects of theory,reality development and empirical evidence.Through empirical analysis,the following conclusions are drawn: the effective demand of policy-oriented agricultural insurance had a positive impact on the performance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance.And the effective demand for policy-oriented agricultural insurance was affected by many factors,including the level of education,farmer income,production scale,the types of new rural cooperative agricultural insurance and other insurance,satisfaction of premium subsidy of policy-oriented agricultural insurance,awareness of policy-oriented agricultural insurance,and overall satisfaction of policy-oriented agricultural insurance.The empirical analysis from the angle of farmers' satisfaction showed: policy-oriented agricultural insurance supply capacity had a positive impact on performance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance.And the supply of policy-oriented agricultural insurance was affected by such factors as the speed claims of policy-oriented agricultural insurance,the diversity of insurance products,and the distance between outlets.The effect of premium subsidy on the performance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance was decreasing year by year.Meanwhile,the risk of agricultural catastrophic disasters had a negative impact on the loss compensation of policy-oriented agricultural insurance and the underwriting profits of business entities.(5)To explore strategies to promoting the performance of Heilongjiang's policy-oriented agricultural insurance.According to the results of performance evaluation and the analysis of its influencing factors,first,this study introduced the goals and principles of performance promotion.Secondly,this study designed the way of promoting the performance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in Heilongjiang Province from the aspects of management mode,subsidy form,insurance product system,risk dispersion mechanism and supervision mechanism,and put forward the path of “five optimizations and five innovations”.Meanwhile we put forward to the countermeasures to promoting the performance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance of Heilongjiang province. |
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