Research On The Effect Of Distributed Leadership And Open Innovation Strategies On Business Model Innovation Based On The Perspective Of Organizational Inertia

With the wave of technological innovation and the speed of information technology accelerated,the push effect of investment,import and export that two of three vehicles in in the traditional economic development has begun to be hampered,and the enterprises have also characterized by borderless competition.At the same time,economic development in China has begun to enter a new normal,and the rapid development of "Internet +" has spawned the emergence and advance of emerging industries,such as,artificial intelligence and shared economy.These new industries and new formats have incorporated a large number of new technologies,and then the business models were promoted towards a refined and personalized direction.Thus,the new business model has become the new engine of development in the new economy.Firms need to emphasize more on innovating the business model to expand the market and increase make profits.Business model innovations refers to a systematic process of innovation which involves a number of factors,such as the change of external environment,user demand s,stakeholders,core resources and key capabilities.Thus,how can enterprises transform,upgrade,innovate and survive?How to overcome internal and external obstacles and challenges,and innovate their business model successfully?These issues have become the common concern that urgent to be solved by the theoretical and practitioner.The new value proposition,new form of value creation and acquisition are the core factors in the process of business model innovation.The acquisition of value proposition depends on the identification of external new market opportunities.The value creation and acquisition depend on integration of the internal resources and capabilities.In this way,enterprises are often constrained by organizational inertia when conducting business model innovation.Specifically,regarding the cognitive inertia,the leaders need to recognize the external changes in a timely manner,grasp the new context of market and customer demand s.The leaders engaged in the vertical leadership mode will constrained by the inertia of self-cognition,and therefore unable to identify the external opportunities.Additionally,the reconstruction of the business model requires the reconfiguration of internal organizational resources and assets and the coordination of key capabilities.However,in the new economic era,it is difficult for enterprises to acquire sufficient resources,which will lead the leader decline the establishment of new business model.In the process of transforming information of business opportunities into the formation of business-innovative ideas,and in the process of resource allocation for business model innovation,the company's leadership model,resource adequacy and internal restructuring capabilities play an important role.Therefore,in order to overcome the challenges of cognitive inertia and resource and path dependence,this study introduces the distributed leadership,open innovation strategies and organizational agility to explore the mechanisms of how to facilitate the business model innovation.Prior studies on the drivers of business model innovation focus more the promotion of external market and technology environment.There is limited studies take the internal leadership model and the internal strategic resources and capabilities into consideration.Existing research has begun to emphasize the role of leadership in the process of business model innovation,and also have confirmed that open innovation and organizational agility significantly affect the competitive advantage.However,there is a lack of analysis on the specific mechanism of distributed leadership,open innovation and organizational agility on for business model innovation.Regarding the methods,the research on business model innovation is often using case study rather than the quantitative analysis based on a large scale of samples.Especially,no studies have used the fuzzy set qualitative analysis(fsQCA)approach to investigate the configuration path of different drivers to business model innovation.Based on the resource-base view(RBV),dynamic capabilities theory and contingency theory,this study addresses these gaps by investigating the Chinese high-tech companies from the perspective of the cognitive inertia of leaders,and introduces the distributed leadership to explore how do distributed leadership affect business model innovation.Furthermore,this study addresses the issue that how to overcome the resource constraints and path dependence by exploring the effect of open innovation and organizational agility on business model innovation.Finally,based on the above results,this present research offers a fresh insight into the various configurations of critical factors that work together to facilitate business model innovation by using a new approach of fsQCA.This study adds more convincing evidence of causal complexities of the business model innovation to the existing literature,and the results are as follows:Study 1 examines how a firm can break the managerial barriers and work more effectively in ways to increase its ability to pursue business model innovation by involving new distributed leadership patterns.The analysis reveals that distributed leadership has a significant direct influence on BMI,and that distributed leadership also indirectly affects business model innovation through enhancing strategic flexibility.Market capitalizing agility strengthens the positive effect of distributed leadership on business model innovation under strategic flexibility.However,the positive moderate effect of operational adjustment agility on the relationship between distributed leadership and opportunity recognition is insignificant.The net effects from the SEM in Study 2 reveal that the inbound open innovation positively relate to the BMI,however the effect of outbound open innovation on market capitalizing agility and BMI is not significant.Both market capitalizing agility and operational adjustment agility have a positive and significant effect on the process of BMI.Inbound open innovation and outbound open innovation also has a positive effect on both market capitalizing agility and operational adjustment agility.Market capitalizing agility and operational adjustment agility play a mediate role between inbound open innovation and business model innovation.Based on the above research,this study does further research to explore the interaction of key factors and their impact on the business model innovation.Regarding the outcome condition,there is no necessary condition for facilitating business model innovation but there are six configurations sufficient for business model innovation.Configuration 1 indicates that under the context of dynamic environment,the combination of low outbound open innovation,high-distributed leadership,high inbound open innovation,high market capitalizing agility and high operational adjustment agility result in positive BMI.Configuration 2 suggests that regardless of whether distributed leadership present or absent within the firm,the combination of low inbound open innovation,high outbound open innovation,high market capitalizing agility,low operational adjustment agility and low environmental dynamism,business model innovation could be achieved.Take the six configurations into consideration,in this study,inbound open innovation and market capitalizing agility are the most important factors in innovating business model.Moreover,there are three configurations for negative BMI.This paper contributed to the theory and practice in three ways.First,this study offers a clear understand ing of the relationship between leadership pattern and business model innovation and extends the previous research on the antecedents by examining the direct influence and internal mechanism of distributed leadership on business model innovation.(2)Take the resource dependence that involved in the business model innovation process into consideration,this study has explored the impact of open innovation and organizational agility on business model innovation,and the different roles of open innovation and organizational agility in business model innovation were also clarified.(3)This paper is the first one using fsQCA(qualitative comparative analysis)to investigate the configuration of different driving factors on business model innovation.It not only helps to deepen the understand ing of the drivers on business model innovation in depth,but also sheds new lights on the research methods of business model innovation.