Research On The Well-Being Of Rural Elderly Population And Resources Allocation

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in the report of the 19th National Congress:"As we respond proactively to population aging,we will adopt policies and foster a social environment in which senior citizens are respected,cared for,and live happily in their later years." It points out the direction for old-age care with Chinese characteristics in the new era.In the 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the National Aging Career and the Construction of the Old-age Pension System,clearly points out the main indicators for the development of the National Aging Career and the construction of the Old-age Pension System,including social security,old-age services,health support,spiritual and cultural life,social participation and investment security.These pioneering ageing policies show that how to optimize the allocation of old-age resources and resettle the old-age life of the elderly population has risen from the age structure of the population to a major issue related to the overall development of the country and the well-being of the people.Well-being is an important comprehensive index to measure the quality of individual life.The quality of life of the elderly population depends on the supply and optimal allocation of pension resources such as social security,old-age services and health support.Therefore,old-age resources are closely related to the well-being of the elderly population.How to scientifically and reasonably identify the influencing factors of the well-being of the elderly population and improve the quality of life of them from the perspective of optimizing the allocation of old-age resources is of great significance for the further implementation of the national policy on ageing and the promotion of the sense of well-being of the elderly population.China is a country of respecting the elderly and filial piety.Family pension has always been the most important way of providing for the elderly in China.However,under the background of population aging,social and economic transformation,value pluralism and cultural transformation,family pension function is gradually weakening and showing an aggravating trend.Compared with cities,the trend of rural aging,family endowment resources and self-resources weakening is more severe.Due to the long-term impact of the urban-rural dual system,the social security of the rural elderly population is weaker,and the contradiction between supply and demand of old-age resources is more prominent.Therefore,it is urgent to study the optimal allocation of rural old-age resources.At present,most of the research on old-age resources focuses on the definition of endowment resources,the relationship between supply and demand,and the allocation of resources.The research on old-age resources in China is still in its initial stage.There are few studies on the well-being of the elderly population based on the perspective of old-age resources at present,and the selection of influencing factors in the evaluation of the well-being is mostly based on the empirical method,which needs to be further enriched and perfectedThis paper attempts to apply text mining method to identify the influencing factors of the well-being of the elderly population.Through the empirical test of the well-being of the rural elderly population,the key factors affecting the well-being of the rural elderly population and the relationship between these key factors and the old-age resources are clarified.Then,through the empirical analysis of the allocation of old-age resources,we hope to draw specific data conclusions,provide theoretical support and decision-making reference for improving the allocation of old-age resources in rural areas,improve the quality of life of the elderly population from the perspective of optimizing the allocation of old-age resources,and promote the well-being of the elderly population in rural areas.Based on the above research ideas,this paper takes the well-being of rural elderly population as the main line.Firstly,the relevant concepts and theories are sorted out and summarized.From the elderly population well-being and old-age resources related research,social old-age resources for family endowment resources alternative research,urban and rural old-age resources comparative study,to lay a theoretical foundation for the follow-up chapter.Then,the study of each part is carried out in depth layer by layer.The main research contents include:(1)Recognition of influencing factors of elderly population's well-being:text mining method.The basic idea of identifying the influencing factors of elderly population's well-being based on literature data and relevant text mining methods are given.Firstly,the domain dictionary is constructed based on the literature keywords.As a supplementary dictionary,it is applied to the likelihood-oriented Chinese word segmentation based on the maximum matching algorithm to realize the recognition of the professional vocabulary in the literature.Secondly,we extract the features of the literature data after word segmentation and construct the network atlas to obtain the current topics,hotspots and interactive influencing factors of the elderly well-being and endowment resources.Finally,the cosine similarity is used to obtain the similar terms of each research topic.Based on the collection of similar terms of each topic,the influencing factors of the well-being of the elderly population are enriched and applied to the empirical research in the following chapters(2)An empirical test on the influencing factors of the well-being of the rural elderly population.Taking the sample survey data of rural elderly living conditions in Tianjin as an example,firstly,according to the identification results of influencing factors of the well-being of the elderly population,the correlation test and selection of influencing factors were carried out.Secondly,the relationship between influencing factors and well-being is descriptive statistical analyzed.Finally,based on the analysis of the overall sample,through the empirical test of the influencing factors of the well-being of the rural elderly population,the key factors affecting the well-being of the rural elderly population and the relationship between these key factors and the old-age resources are clarified,and the related factors of the old-age resources are actively explored to influence the well-being of the rural elderly population(3)Analysis of the allocation of rural old-age resources.In view of the direct impact of old-age resources on the well-being of the elderly population in rural areas,improving the allocation of old-age resources can promote the improvement of the well-being of them.Firstly,the paper analyses the supply and demand of old-age resources,and summarizes the important problems faced by old-age resources,especially in rural areas.Secondly,based on the altruistic analysis framework,taking the field survey data of Tianjin as a sample,this paper makes an empirical study on the substitution of family pension for social pension based on the basic old-age insurance policy by using the method of Fussy RD.It is expected to provide theoretical support for perfecting the allocation of rural old-age resources and actively playing the combined role of family and social endowment through the analysis of the current situation of rural old-age resources allocation and the economic transfer between generations of rural families(4)The comparative analysis of urban and rural old-age resources.Under the empirical data in this paper,the proportion of the group with lower happiness level in rural elderly population is significantly higher than that in urban population.Based on the sample survey data,this paper describes and analyses the supply and demand of the old-age resources in urban and rural areas from four aspects:economic status,health care,family intergenerational support and the demand for old-age services.Through establishing a regression model,it empirically tests the urban-rural differences in influencing factors of economic income and the impact of old-age resources on the well-being of the elderly population,and provides decision-making reference for how to improve the allocation of rural old-age resources,reduce the gap between urban and rural well-being,and enhance the well-being of rural elderly population.Through the analysis of this paper,the following main conclusions are drawn(1)Through the empirical test of the influencing factors of rural elderly population's well-being,we found that age,health status,economic status,housing,social participation and spiritual and cultural life have significant effects on the well-being of rural elderly population,and these factors are closely related to the allocation of old-age resources such as social security,old-age service and health medical support.It shows that old-age resources have a direct impact on the well-being of the elderly population in rural areas.By improving the supply of endowment resources and optimizing their allocation,the well-being of the elderly population in rural areas can be improved.(2)Through the analysis of the allocation of rural old-age resources,it is found that the family resources and self-resources of rural endowment have weakened to a great extent and become more serious,but the social endowment security system is still in the exploration and improvement stage,and the contradiction between supply and demand of old-age resources is prominent.Through the empirical study on the substitution of "social pension" for "family pension" under the basic old-age insurance policy,it is found that the income from the pension makes the proportion of rural elderly people who receive transfer payments from their children significantly lower,but it has no significant impact on the amount of transfer payments from their children.It shows that the basic old-age insurance policy has alleviated the pressure and poverty of the rural families to some extent,and has positive significance for giving full play to the joint role of family and social endowment,but the effect is limited.To improve the rural social endowment resources,we still need to further improve the level of social endowment security.(3)The comparative analysis of urban and rural old-age resources:Firstly,through descriptive statistical analysis,it is found that compared with urban elderly people,rural elderly people have less pension income,insufficient housing and endowment savings,and their economic situation is mostly adequate or difficult;medical expenses are mainly self-expenditure,and the proportion of medical expenses to income is higher,which is more likely to lead to poverty in rural areas;the proportion of elderly people in need of care is higher;the demand for medical services is higher than that of urban elderly people.Secondly,through regression analysis of the influencing factors of economic income and well-being,it is found that age and health have a very significant impact on the economic income of the rural elderly population,which is mutually corroborated by the conclusion that age has a significant impact on the well-being of the rural elderly population.As the self-employment income of the aged population in rural areas is still very necessary,the increase of age and the deterioration of their physical health will reduce the possibility of the elderly population participating in labor to a certain extent,thus reducing their economic income level and affecting their well-being.In addition,participation in neighborhood activities,public welfare activities and other social activities has a more significant impact on the well-being of the elderly population in rural areas.Considering the limitation of public financial resources and the pension needs of the elderly population in rural areas,and taking the active role of social pension and family pension as the starting point of policy recommendations,this paper gives policy recommendations from the following aspects:enhancing the income security level of the rural elderly population and improving its economic independence;developing the supporting policies of family pension to improve the supply level of family care and social care in rural areas;enriching the spiritual and cultural life and social participation activities of the elderly population in rural areas to meet social needs and self-realization needs and reduce their loneliness;creating a social atmosphere for the elderly through national education,advocating that the elderly population establish a positive outlook on ageing,strengthen self-independence awareness,and actively participate in it.With the development of society,improve the sense of acquisition and happiness of life in old age.