Research On The Evolution Law Of China's Open Space Layout And Regional Economic Development

Since the reform and opening up in 1978,China's foreign trade and the use of foreign direct investment(FDI)have grown rapidly for many years,and the achievements have attracted worldwide attention.However,the spatial layout of China's opening up is still unbalanced,which has led to large differences in regional economic development.As China's economy has shifted from high-speed growth to a high-quality development stage,the spatial layout of opening to the outside world also needs to enter the stage of optimization and balanced development,thereby helping to narrow the regional economic development gap.The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that it is necessary to “Making new ground in pursuing opening up on all fronts”,“make new ground in opening China further through links running eastward and westward,across land and over sea”,“improve the balance in opening our different regions,and open the western region wider”.This article aims to systematically study the evolution of the spatial layout of China's opening up and its impact on regional economic development.We hope to understand the development stage,characteristics and trends of the spatial layout of China's opening up from a practical perspective;to better grasp the main influencing factors and reasons for the evolution of China's opening-up spatial layout;to provide research references for the optimization of China's opening-up spatial layout;to provide a research basis for building an opening-up spatial layout that promotes the coordinated development of regional economies.First of all,in terms of theory,this article systematically discusses and expands the relevant theories of the spatial layout of opening up,including traditional location geography theory,classical and neoclassical trade theory,new trade and new economic geography,heterogeneous enterprise trade theory,industrial agglomeration,Industry transfer,regional coordinated development theory.This article also discusses the connection,inheritance,similarities and differences between these theories,and expands to examine the applicability of the interpretation of Chinese problems.Secondly,in terms of typical facts,this article systematically summarizes the development stages and characteristics of the spatial layout of China's opening up since the reform and opening up.According to the phase characteristics of the fourmajor regions(eastern,central,western and northeastern regions)that accounted for the country's foreign trade and utilization of FDI from 1983 to 2018,combined with the reform process of China's opening-up system,this paper divides the spatial layout of opening up into three Stage.The first stage(1978-1991)is the stage of exploration and development of the spatial layout for Chinas' s opening up.In the stage,a market-oriented and internationalized system of opening to the outside world has basically been formed,and the planned economic system has been continuously shifted to a market economic system,but it has not shown a tendency to agglomerate to the eastern region.The second stage(1992-2005)is a stage where the spatial layout of opening up continues to agglomerate to the east area.In the stage,the construction of the system of opening to the outside world continues to advance,and a better market-oriented and international system has been formed.The policy of opening up still benefits the eastern region,foreign trade and the use of FDI have accelerated to a high degree of concentration in the eastern region,reaching its peak by 2005.The preferential policies for opening up in the eastern region were extended to the Yangtze River Delta and other northern coastal cities,making the spatial distribution within the region more balanced;the foreign trade and FDI distribution in the central and western regions was also more balanced,and the northeastern region was mainly concentrated in Liaoning Province.The third stage(from 2006 to the present)is the stage of coordinated development of the spatial layout of opening up toward the western region.In the stage,the eastern region's share of foreign trade and the use of FDI has been declining,and the opening up has gathered to some core regions in the central and western regions to a certain extent.Thirdly,this paper deeply studies the influencing factors and evolution reasons of spatial layout of China's opening-up from the theoretical and empirical perspectives so as to provide new empirical evidence.Based on theories of industrial agglomeration,policy support,China's special economic geography and historical practice,this article theoretically analyzes the general laws and trends of the development of China's opening up spatial layout,and believes that the agglomeration of industries and trade in the eastern region is in line with economic theory,but there are boundaries for aggregation.The degree of agglomeration in the eastern region is already very high,reaching the agglomeration boundary,and needs to be transferred to the central and western regions.China's special economic geography also makes it necessary for industry and trade to be distributed in thecentral and western regions more evenly.With the weakening of geographical advantages,the regional coordinated development policies and the development of new technologies,the central and western regions can occupy a more important position in the spatial layout of opening up.This paper also collects provincial panel data from 1995 to 2018 to empirically test the main influencing factors and evolution reasons of China's opening up spatial layout.The results show that: geographical location and the policy advantages are generally conducive to the rapid development of foreign trade and FDI.However,relative to the period 1995-2005,this positive effect of geographic location declined significantly between 2006-2018.Finally,this paper studies the relationship between the spatial layout of China's opening up and regional economic development from a theoretical and empirical perspective.In theory,the spatial agglomeration will make the agglomeration area obtain positive externalities,such as promoting the agglomeration of productive demand,capital accumulation,technological progress and human capital,thereby widening the development gap between regions.However,the optimization of the spatial layout of opening up can promote the coordination of regional economic development.It can promote the coordinated development of regional economies through the inter-regional transfer of industries and the more rational allocation of production factors and resources between regions.This paper also uses provincial panel data from 1995 to 2018 to empirically study the relationship between the spatial layout of opening to the outside world and the coordinated development of regional economies.The empirical study that distinguishes four major regions found that the spatial layout of opening up widened the gap in regional economic development in the first stage,and narrowed the gap in regional economic development in the second stage.This article further proposes future research prospects and policy suggestions.In the future,we can assess the balanced proportion of foreign trade and FDI utilization in various regions;study how the maturity of high-speed transportation networks affects the spatial layout of opening up;study how to promote the opening up of the central and western regions under the background of accelerated development of service trade;use more detailed and micro database to deeply study the relationship between the spatial layout of opening up and regional economic development from multiple angles,and explores more mechanisms and heterogeneous features.In terms of policy suggestions,it is necessary to furtherclarify the goal and positioning of the spatial layout of opening up,and it is generally conducive to the coordinated development of the regional economy,and accelerate the formation of more concentrated areas in the central and western regions;further improve the degree of national market integration and improve the the business environment and market-oriented system in the eastern and western region.