Study On The Outsourcing Behavior Of Cotton Production In The Context Of Agricultural Division Of Labor

Agricultural Division of Labor,agricultural specialization is regarded as the main driving force to promote economic growth and social development.The evolution of the Division of Labor in the process of production outsourcing and the influence mechanism of farmers' outsourcing decision-making behavior are the next strategies to promote the development of agricultural modernization,increase farmers' income and realize the revitalization of rural areas,urgent theoretical and practical problems to be solved.Analyzing the supply and demand of agricultural production outsourcing,the decision-making of farmers' production outsourcing and the welfare effect are all important problems that need to be solved urgently.Focusing on the outsourcing of cotton farmers' production links in the context of Agricultural Division of Labor,the main idea of this research is: the choice of supply channel of production outsourcing,the choice of supply channel of production outsourcing,the decision-making analysis of production outsourcing behavior,the difference of production outsourcing behavior,the welfare effect analysis of production outsourcing behavior,according to the characteristics of technical difficulties,asset specificity,household endowment and household differentiation in cotton production,this paper comprehensively analyzes the factors influencing the outsourcing behavior of cotton production in different production links,the paper also compares the present situation of Supply and demand and the welfare effect of the outsourcing of cotton farmers.Based on the theory of division and Cooperation,the theory of planned behavior,principal-agent theory and the theory of Welfare Economics,this study conducted an in-depth investigation on 1036 cotton farmers in 9 counties(cities)of North and South Xinjiang,obtain the effective data to carry on the comprehensive analysis to the cotton farmer production link outsourcing behavior.Firstly,the paper analyzes the selection preference of the outsourcing supply channels of the Cotton Farmers' production links;secondly,it analyzes the decision-making of the outsourcing behavior of the Cotton Farmers' production links;thirdly,it analyzes the difference of the outsourcing behavior of the cotton farmers' procurement and production links;finally,analysis on the welfare effect of outsourcing of cotton farmers.The whole research carried on the thorough analysis to the cotton farmer production link outsourcing behavior under the Agricultural Division background.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)selection preference of outsourcing Supply Channel: In the field preparation and sowing link,the most outsourcing channel was the cotton farmer's own purchase type,accounting for 36% of the total sample,followed by the social relationship type,accounting for 33% of the total sample;In the management of water and fertilizer,the largest outsourcing channel chosen by cotton farmers was the large-scale planting family,accounting for 35% of the total sample,and in the cotton harvesting link,the most outsourcing channel chosen by cotton farmers was the social relations of cotton farmers,accounting for 47% of the total sample,next is the large size of the crop,accounting for 30%of the total sample;in the above three production links,the agricultural enterprise-type channel is the outsourcing channel that cotton farmers choose the least,and the reason for this is that the agricultural enterprise-type supply channel is a service organization with profit as its goal,for cotton farmers,although the quality of service of agricultural enterprise-type supply channels is higher,but will increase its cost expenditure,the final cotton farmers choose agricultural enterprise-type outsourcing channel proportion is less.(2)Decision-making analysis of production link outsourcing behavior: According to family resource endowment,cotton farmers will adopt the production decision of partial production link outsourcing according to the difference of demand for Labor,capital and technology in different production links of cotton.Specifically,the higher the degree of part-time agriculture,the greater the probability that the farmers choose to outsource the production link,and the greater the area of cotton planting,the lower the probability that the farmers choose to outsource the production link,at the same time,the outsourcing behavior of each production link of the farmer presents the remarkable correlation characteristic.The results of threshold model showed that the thresholds for farmers to choose field sowing,management of water and fertilizer and outsourcing of cotton harvesting were 83.00%,76.70% and 55.80%,respectively Corresponding link cotton farmers choose outsourcing cotton planting area(mu)threshold value is 99.00,72.00,15.00 respectively.Further,it is proposed to strengthen the construction of the outsourcing service system of agricultural production links and to promote the outsourcing service of farmers' production links,which will help reduce the impact of the loss of labor force caused by part-time agriculture on cotton production,it can alleviate the investment pressure of “small farmers” purchasing agricultural machinery,and has a positive effect on optimizing the allocation of resources.(3)Analysis on the difference of outsourcing behavior of cotton farmers in purchasing production links: this paper analyzes the influence of household endowment and land transfer on the outsourcing degree and waiting time of cotton farmers in purchasing production links.The results show that household endowment has a significant effect on the outsourcing behavior of purchasing and production,and has a significant effect on each production link.Through land circulation,cotton farmers realize the secondary matching of limited resources,which has a significant impact on the outsourcing behavior of purchasing all production links.The outsourcing behavior of cotton farmers is not an independent decision-making behavior,and there is a negative correlation between the outsourcing behavior of soil preparation and the outsourcing behavior of water and fertilizer management.Further study confirmed that the impact of household endowment and land transfer on the degree of outsourcing and the waiting time of cotton farmers,especially in soil preparation and management of water and fertilizer.Among the household endowment characteristics of cotton farmers,the scale of cotton planting,production equipment,the number of labor force,the proportion of cotton planting income and neighbor purchase are the important factors that affect the outsourcing behavior of cotton farmers.The land outflow has a significant impact on the waiting time of the outsourcing behavior of cotton farmers in purchasing production links,and the land inflow only has a significant impact on the outsourcing behavior of the whole field sowing purchasing production links.(4)Analysis of the welfare effect of outsourcing in production: analyze the impact of outsourcing of agricultural production on improving the welfare of small farmers from three aspects of household income,consumption expenditure and labor comfort,and compare the differences in the impact of outsourcing in various production links.The research results show that:(1)On the whole,outsourcing of agricultural production can indeed improve the welfare of small farmers,such as increasing family income,increasing consumption expenditure and improving labor comfort.(2)The welfare effects of outsourcing of different production links of farmers are different.Outsourcing of cotton harvesting has the most significant impact on increasing household income;outsourcing of field management has significant effects on improving consumption expenditure and comfort of farmers.(3)There are differences in the resource endowment of rural households in improving outsourcing welfare,which leads to differences in scale and cultural differences in the welfare effects of outsourcing in different production links of rural households.At the same time,affected by the resource endowments of southern and northern Xinjiang,the welfare effects of farmers' productive service outsourcing also show significant regional differences.