| This dissertation examines the American vaudevillian's experience of the First World War, primarily through a close reading of the theatrical trade paper, Variety. First, it considers how their performance material reflected popular wartime attitudes. Second, it traces the impact the war had on vaudevillians' professional careers. They were presented with many opportunities to assist in the war effort; their efforts contributed to their professional prestige and underscored their patriotism. Finally, the government's persistent concern regarding the morale and morals of the American citizen is seen both in reactions to specific performances and in the impulses behind the frequent, but contradictory, support of the theatrical industry.;The first chapter considers the performance material specifically related to the war. This material is arranged under the following headings: anti-war and neutral, spectacles, melodrama, ethnicity, the enemy, gender, and authenticity. The majority of turns are one-acts, though popular songs and other sketches are also included. Each grouping of turns is situated in the historical context that would have informed the audiences' understanding, perception, and reaction. The second chapter investigates the lives of vaudevillians. Many were affected either by draft laws or the wave of xenophobia that particularly focused on Germans. Almost all responded patriotically, giving their time and talents to sell Liberty Bonds or entertain the American soldiers. The third chapter moves beyond the stage and examines the complex interactions between the government and theatre managers, vaudevillians, and the public. This is particularly apparent in areas relating to finance and conservation.;Despite the recent interest in popular culture during the First World War, there is a dearth of writing on the theatrical scene, particularly in the United States. This study aims to rectify this omission, focusing solely on vaudeville. |
