| This Ph.D. has one main objective: to study the European model of pharmacy in 18th century in two areas, the first in Low-Normandy in the French metropolis (mother country), the second in Canada in the North America colony. It wishes to understand the becoming of one typical civil European institution in the Mother Country and in his settlement, to see if some variations appear between both. This study is based on the inventory after death of the practicians of pharmacy (apothecaries), the judicial archives, and the state of being provate citizen. Three following themas are: the first, the professional organisation of the practicians of pharmacy (definition, numbers, density, laws, existence and inexistance of corporations, lawsuits); the second, the therapeutic practice (books and libraries, medical 18th century theories, the inside of apothecaries---simple and composed drugs, plants, seeds, the influence of American seeds on the French pharmacy, and the typical tools---examples of medical treatments, and the relationships patients-practicians); and the third, the social and economic study (demography, social web, transmission of the job, fortune and revenues). The conclusion of this Ph.D. shows that pharmacy stays in its standard in France, and knows some variations in the settlement due to the North America context, and to the attitude of the French government and the English government.;Key words: pharmacy, apothecary, census, laws, career, lawsuits, libraries, medical theories, seeds, medicines, treatments, relationships practitioners-patients, demography, social web, economic level. |
