| Leadership and management are important factors that affect the ability of organizations to fulfill their goals. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (APEC) and the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) are two international organizations located in the same region with similar organizational goals but different natures, properties, functions, and structures. Past studies researching APEC and PECC have mainly taken the perspective of macroeconomics or international relations. The intention when carrying out this study was to adopt a nontraditional approach to studying APEC and PECC by using a qualitative leadership and management method. Content analysis was conducted in order to identify the current leadership practices of APEC and PECC by analyzing APEC leaders' declarations and PECC general meeting statements. In addition, a narrative approach was adopted in order to examine the organizational paradigms of APEC and PECC. By referring to previously identified leadership practices, previously explored organizational paradigms, and relevant theories this study recommends the application of suitable leadership and management practices in order to empower these two organizations. As a result of the limitations encountered during this study, it is recommended that future studies could be conducting using surveys and interviews in order to obtain primary data. It is further recommended that future studies adopt alternative approaches in order to research similar organizations. |
