Immigrants et travail a Montreal: La dynamique de l'establissement professionnel des dix premieres annees (French text, Quebec)

The success of economic integration of new immigrants is significantly linked to their capacity to find work corresponding to their expectations and human capital. The reasons for their immigration are often based upon the improvement of their economic situation, both for themselves and for their family. Now, this endeavor can span over a long period if they encounter difficulties whilst entering the labour market.; The Quebecois labour market of the last two decades has been profoundly changed due to progress in information technology and market globalization. This new context has generated new work forms, which have been defined as "non-standard work" (e.g. part-time work, on a temporary basis, contract work, self-employment, etc.). Since the early eighties, these positions have been growing significantly. Often associated with precariousness, the phenomenon of non-standard work has raised a fundamental question: are these positions occupied by the workers stable? This is the main question that we wish to investigate from the perspective of new immigrants: do new immigrants realize stability in the labour market during their stay in Quebec? For a society that welcomes on average 35 000 newcomers per year since the early 90s, quite often for demographic and economic reasons, the success (or failure) of economic integration rests in part on their capacity to not only take part in the labour market, but also remain employed.; For our analysis, we shall turn to a longitudinal survey that describes the biographical courses of the establishment of the new immigrants (ENI). This survey describes the main endeavors of settlement over a period of 10 years for 1 000 newcomers, with the destination of greater Montreal. With the help of this survey, we shall be able to determine the courses towards work integration of the new immigrants, situated in the context of the labour market that they encountered while seeking employment.; This research mainly shows, as time goes by, periods of continuous works become extended, despite changes in the labour market. This allows us to understand that newcomers manage in time to attain stability within the labour market. Knowledge of French and/or English constitutes a temporary factor, which gives access either to qualified employment, or better waged, but has no influence on the participation in the labour market. The courses of those employed in non-standard work would be voluntary and not entirely random, such that those who obtain this type of employment receive higher wages, all the while occupying positions of higher qualification. As a general rule, wages and professional status are upwardly mobile. On the other hand, this mobility is rather absent for a few groups of respondents native of specific regions, namely from Eastern Asia, Maghreb and the Middle East. Finally, a temporal segmentation has revealed that the effects of certain factors are dissipated or emerge in time, and in consequence, the determinants studied are not necessarily constant through time.