| Mass integration is a holistic approach to the optimal allocation, generation, and separation of streams and species. It addresses pollution using a combination of strategies including manipulation of process equipment, structural changes in the flowsheet, rerouting of streams and addition of new units. In the past, systematic mass integration techniques were developed to determine optimal strategies for the recycle and separation of process streams. The objective of this dissertation is to introduce the following novel contributions that can greatly expand the scope of mass integration for pollution prevention: (1) Maximum achievable pollution targets will be determined ahead of design and with little input data. In this context, we will illustrate the use of interval arithmetic to determine these targets. (2) A systematic framework will be introduced to prevent pollution by integrating unit manipulation with allocation and interception strategies. (3) Process variability (e.g.; as a result of internal and external disturbances) will be incorporated during the design phase with the result of identifying maximum achievable targets for pollution via integrated design and operation strategies. |
