| A variety of subjects related to an isolated microdroplet, including precise optical measurement, fundamental light scattering theory, in situ droplet spectroscopy, transport mechanism, solution thermodynamics, and electrical stability, have been studied.; A technique based on optical resonance alignment is developed to automate the measurement of the optical parameters for a single component droplet. The technique is able to determine the size and refractive index of the droplet with an accuracy of 1 part in 10000, and is also applicable to multicomponent droplets undergoing various physical changes with tolerable degradation of accuracy or automation.; By examining the finest details of optical resonances, Mie's light scattering theory is proved to be valid except for a constant background broadening deviation. The effect of eccentricity on light scattering of a layered droplet is first observed. By preparing a concentrically layered droplet, rigorous experimental verification is presented for Aden-Kerker light scattering theory of a concentric sphere. Novel computational technique is developed to identify optical resonances and locate their positions for a concentric sphere of specific properties.; A unique technique based on accurate measurement of the imaginary refractive index of a droplet is developed for in situ determination of the concentrations of absorptive chemical species inside the droplet.; The effects of Stefan flow, non-isothermal effect, unsteady state behavior, unstationary mechanism, and internal transport on the function of droplet size versus time of a relatively nonvolatile droplet have been proved unimportant. Remarkable accuracy of the asymptotic model based on Maxwell's diffusion controlled theory is justified both theoretically and experimentally. Particular evaporation characteristics are observed for several layered droplets.; Explicit as well as implicit methods based on resonance alignment have been developed to determine the activity coefficient of an extremely nonvolatile system at room conditions.; It is reported that a charged droplet might not explode even above Rayleigh limit and droplet electron emission might happen well below the theoretical expectation. |
