| The present study was designed to determine if the addition of a moderate amount of n-3 PUFA, derived from either marine or plant sources, to a high MUFA meal would improve postprandial lipid metabolism via favorable alterations in plasma apolipoproteins, as well as antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide status, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation compared to a high-MUFA meal without added n-3 PUFA in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.; Using a double blind, 3 period, cross over design, 18 volunteers (13 male and 5 female) with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus were fed in random order three test meals containing 50 g (72% total kcal) of dietary fatty acid blends differing in their fatty acid profiles: [Control] a high oleic acid fat blend (OA test meal) derived primarily from high-oleic safflower oil, [Experimental fat blends] a high oleic acid fat blend with added alpha-linolenic acid (C18: 3n-3, ALA test meal), and a high oleic acid fat blend with added eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20: 5n-3) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22: 6n-3) (FO test meal).; Compared to the OA test meal, the FO (P = 0.0748) and ALA (P = 0.0989) test meals reduced peak plasma triglyceride (TG) levels at 4 hours postprandially. Plasma TG increased 67% on the OA meal, 53% on the FO meal, and 58% on the ALA meals. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels were increased from baseline similarly after all test meals (P < 0.05) at both 2 and 4 hours.; The FO meal reduced plasma apoB levels by −2.2% at 2 hours (P = 0.0184 [OA]; P = 0.0015 [ALA]) and by −2.9% (P = 0.0269 [OA]; P = 0.0160 [ALA]) at 4 hours relative to the responses of the OA and ALA meals.; Plasma ADMA levels were significantly reduced from baseline values for all fat blend treatments (P < 0.05), but no treatment effects were observed. The reduction in plasma ADMA levels was significantly inversely correlated with postprandial TG responses when data from all diet treatments were pooled (r = −0.36, P = 0.008).; A subset analysis was conducted to assess the postprandial response of FMD and plasma TG and apolipoproteins in type 2 diabetic subjects with fasting hypertriglyceridemia (HTG, TG ≥ 150 mg/dl; N = 8) versus normal fasting TG levels (NTG, TG < 150 mg/dl; N =10). The results showed significant favorable effects of the FO meal, and to a lesser extent the ALA meal, on postprandial responses in plasma TG and apolipoproteins as well as FMD in hypertriglyceridemic subjects compared to normotriglyceridemic subjects. In contrast, the OA meal did not attenuate postprandial lipid responses nor enhance FMD in hypertriglyceridemic subjects.; The results of the present study showed that addition of a moderate amount of n-3 PUFA from fish oil to a single high-MUFA meal produces a less atherogenic postprandial lipemic response compared to single meals rich in OA or ALA as indicated by lower TG, apoB, and apoCIII-HP levels. Of particular interest, compared to a high MUFA meal, n-3 PUFA from fish oil and to a lesser extent canola oil may confer more favorable effects on postprandial lipemia, as well as, endothelium-dependent vasodilation in individuals with fasting HTG and apolipoprotein abnormalities. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)... |
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