| Applied music instruction involves one-on-one teaching taught in the context of private studio lessons. This unique educational setting has been examined for its effectiveness in music teaching, and many studies have identified the use of modeling strategies as a crucial component related to teaching private studio lessons. Some of these studies were approached with a microscopic lens by selecting and comparing one or two modeling strategies in fixed settings to look for the qualities of effectiveness. However, very few studies have used comprehensive observations by exploring characteristics of modeling strategies commonly used in private studios. Even fewer studies have explored modeling strategies used in private piano studios involving international educational settings.;The purpose of this study was to explore modeling strategies in piano studios in Korea. Three case studies of three renowned Korean piano teachers were conducted by observing 27 hours of piano lessons and administering Video-Stimulated Recall interviews with the three teachers and their students. The lesson observations were done in an effort to determine which and why modeling strategies were used by the three Korean piano teachers. Interviews with the teachers, field notes, and interviews with the students were analyzed for agreement or conflict among the perceptions of modeling strategies used in piano studios in Korea.;The study found there was much agreement among the teachers in current use of several common types of modeling strategies, including a newly identified strategy. These included performance modeling, vocal singing modeling, visual modeling, conducting, and spoken rhythms. The study also found that the students of the three Korean piano teachers understood the effectiveness, functions, and objectives of using certain modeling strategies in the piano studios. In addition, there was also evidence of students' negative perspectives of the modeling strategies used by their teachers.;Since this study involved adult piano student participants, examinations with different age groups of piano students are recommended for additional insights into the use of modeling strategies in piano studios. It is also recommended that more study be done on the newly identified strategy to evaluate its use in the piano studios. |
