Intercalation of layered silicates, layered double hydroxides, and lead iodide: Synthesis, characterization and properties

Layered silicates, layered double hydroxides, and lead iodide are lamellar solids that can incorporate guest species into the galleries between their layers. Various intercalated forms of these layered materials have been synthesized and their properties studied. The dielectric behavior of pristine fluorohectorite, a typical layered silicate, and Zn-Al layered double hydroxide is explained by considering the structural ordering and mobility of the intercalated water molecules, as well as models invoking fractal time processes and fractal structure. Intercalative polymerization of aniline and pyrrole into fluorohectorite leads to a multilayered structure consisting of single polymer chains alternately stacked with the 9.6 A thick silicate layers. The polymer chains are confined to the quasi two-dimensional interlayer space between the rigid host layers. The hybrid films exhibit highly anisotropic properties. The optical, electrical and mechanical behavior is discussed in terms of the molecular confinement of the polymer chains. Ethylenediamine functionalized C{dollar}sb{lcub}60{rcub}{dollar} clusters have also been intercalated into fluorohectorite via an ion-exchange procedure. Intercalation results in an improved thermal stability of the functionalized C{dollar}sb{lcub}60{rcub}{dollar} clusters. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry has been used to elucidate the mechanism of intercalative ion exchange of silver in muscovite mica, a layered silicate with a layer charge density of 2e per unit cell. It is proposed that ion-exchange progresses by intercalating successive galleries through the edges of the mica layers.; Guest-host interactions have been studied in the system aniline-PbI{dollar}sb2.{dollar} The optical and structural effects of aniline intercalation in lead iodide thin films is discussed. Intercalation leads to a large shift in the optical band gap of PbI{dollar}sb2.{dollar} The observed change in band gap is not only due to the increased separation between the PbI{dollar}sb2{dollar} layers but also because of an electrostatic interaction between the interlayer aniline molecules and the host layer. The latter also appears to be the driving force for intercalation in PbI{dollar}sb2.{dollar}...