| Glass hydration studies are undertaken to test the model for ionic interdiffusion developed by R. H. Doremus and to gain information on the form of the hydrogen ion species, i.e., H('+) or H(,3)O('+). Also, the applicability of the sputter-induced photon spectrometry (SIPS) technique to glass hydration studies is explored.;Resonant nuclear reaction techniques are used to quantitatively determine hydrogen content in the glasses. The ratio of H atoms entering the glass to Na atoms leached out of the glass is estimated by assuming all of the sodium has been removed in the hydrated layer. Results for two commercial glasses indicate a H/Na ratio of 3; while the results for the binary and ternary laboratory glasses yield H/Na ratios of about 2.;The SIPS technique is used to study hydration in several more complex systems. Five commercial glasses provided by Corning Glass Works are compared for their ease of hydration. The hydration depth is also measured on an obsidian archaeological artifact. The leaching properties of four simulated nuclear waste glasses are compared for samples hydrated 48 hours in 90(DEGREES)C deionized water. A large number of elements are found to diffuse to the glass surface, forming several complex surface films.;In order to compare techniques, profiles for two commercial glasses and the 20 (mole)% Na(,2)O(.)10% CaO(.)70% SiO(,2) glass are measured by ('1)H(('19)F,(alpha)(gamma))('16)O resonant nuclear reaction, sputter-induced photon spectrometry (SIPS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In addition, the effect of surface finish on the hydration of the ternary glass is studied by SIPS.;Using the Doremus model for interdiffusion, diffusion coefficients for hydrogen and sodium are determined for Na(,2)O(.)3SiO(,2) glass at 30(DEGREES)C and for four sodium-calcium-silicate glasses of the form X Na(,2)O(.)(3-X)CaO(.)70SiO(,2) at 90(DEGREES)C. In general, the shape of the theoretical profiles are found to give a good fit to the experimental data.;The last set of experiments deals with the effect rotating the samples has on the hydration rate in 20% Na(,2)O(.)10% CaO(.)70% SiO(,2) glass. The hydration depth and the profile shape are both found to change with the rate of rotation. |
