An extended automatic generation control simulator for interconnected power systems incorporating adaptive load frequency control techniques and full system network representation

An Extended Automatic Generator Control Simulator (EAGCS) has been developed to provide a digital real-time simulation environment for the analysis of power system phenomena in the frequency range below 1 Hz. Incorporation of the full system network solution including Tap-Changing Under Load (TCUL) transformers, generator capability curves, and load window models into the Automatic Generator Control (AGC) dynamics furnishes a realistic environment for AGC simulation.; A new energy control center for interconnected power systems has been developed. It performs a decentralized control of load frequency (LFC) and economic dispatch (ED). An adaptive control based on an implicit self-tuning (STR) algorithm was developed to perform the LFC function. A multi-area STR tracks the load-generation unbalance based on the area control error (ACE). The natural frequency response of each area is calculated on line and used as the frequency bias in the ACE computation.; A digital real-time algorithm for multi-area ED has been developed by means of the sorted table method. Piece-wise incremental cost curves are the basis for this fast approach. Generator penalty factors (PF) to account for transmission losses in the optimal generation allocation are calculated in a simulated real time.; Full system network representation is achieved by solving the decoupled power flow for the entire system. It provides the snapshot information of the system network at each AGC cycle. Reactive control features have been implemented into the power flow algorithm: generator capability curves, TCUL transformer discrete action, and load models as a function of voltage and frequency have been added. Integration of the system network into the AGC dynamics has been accomplished through area load deviation factors which account for area bus load adjustments from base values due to frequency and voltage deviations and area real transmission losses.; The EAGCS solution cycle is decomposed into two loops: a dynamic loop that solves for system frequency and power plant models, and the other a static loop that assesses the system network and energy control center functions. The system dynamics are calculated using the trapezoidal integration method with 0.5 second step. The static loop is performed every 4 seconds and involves the power flow, the adaptive LFC, the ED, and the TCUL transformer action.