Factors affecting the population structure and dynamics of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in the Cedar River Watershed, Washington

The population structure and dynamics of a colonizing elk population were studied in the Cedar River Watershed from 1970-1986. The rate of population growth was 0.13 during the period of intrinsic growth, 1970-1980. Density-dependent factors regulated elk numbers from 1980-1986. Density-dependent responses also reduced both neonate survival and calf recruitment as the population increased. Emigration of young males (;Adult cows selected wet meadow and river delta sedge communities as foraging areas during March and April. These areas represented ;Behaviorally separated subpopulations of elk utilizing adjacent drainage systems during spring selected diets of markedly different composition relative to percentages of major forage classes. However, diet quality was similar except during periods of high water levels.