Research On Protocols Of Quantum Information Hiding: Design And Analysis

As a highlight spot of information security technology development, quantum information hiding integrates quantum cryptography, quantum communication with classical information hiding. Based on main idea of classical information hiding, it builds up the hidden channel in quantum cryptography or quantum communication technologies to transmit secret messages between the sender and the receiver. The research on quantum information hiding can not only help to further develop quantum cryptography, quantum communication technologies in theory, but also immensely benefit the national information security. With the development of quantum information hiding, its research foundations have been spreading from quantum physical properties and quantum cryptography to quantum communication. As a result, quantum steganography, which can own more advantages on the imperceptibility and the security, currently becomes the key point of the research on quantum information hiding.Quantum computing, quantum cryptography and quantum communication are three main research directions of quantum technology. At present, with the rapid development of quantum computer, quantum technology's networking tendency becomes more and more obvious and urgent. As the direct undertaker of this important mission, quantum communication becomes more and more important. Hence, the research in depth on quantum communication, no matter in theory or practical application, has a significance of great concern. In recent years, Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) has made great progress for owning high information transmission rate, reasonable quantum resource utilization rate and high security of information. As the latest developing production of QSDC, quantum dialogue (QD) was proposed for larger information transmission rate, better quantum resource utilization and higher security of information. It can not only efficiently replace QSDC to transmit normal information, but also provide a new development platform for quantum information hiding. Consequently, deeply promoting the study and research on QD has very positive meanings for the development of quantum communication.The dissertation mainly focuses on the protocol designs of quantum information hiding and quantum dialogue. Additionally, because quantum information hiding technology is mainly based on the idea of steganography, our research has also covered the design of steganography algorithm to seek new research ideas for quantum information hiding. As a result, the content of this dissertation relates to quantum steganography, quantum dialogue and classical steganography, specifically including four aspects:the protocol design of quantum steganography based on improved "Ping-Pong" QSDC protocol, the protocol design of quantum steganography based on?-type entangled state QSDC protocol, the protocol design of quantum dialogue without information leakage based on?-type entangled state, classical improved EMD steganography with high efficiency.The principal contributions of our work presented in the paper are:1. For the research on quantum steganography protocol design based on "Ping-Pong" QSDC protocol, we firstly summarize and analyze the achievements of quantum information hiding, and divide them into two categories according their different embedding processes, quantum data hiding (QDH) and quantum steganography (QS). Then, based on the idea of QS, we proposed a novel quantum steganography protocol based on improved "Ping-Pong" QSDC protocol. By integrating entanglement swapping of Bell states with super dense coding, the protocol builds up hidden channel within the improved "Ping-Pong" protocol to transmit secret messages. Comparing with the previous quantum information hiding protocol, its capacity of hidden channel is increased to four bits, four times that of them. New protocol's superposition channel can transmit more information than the original quantum channel. In addition, some new applications are extended in our protocol, including transmitting the information of quantum qubit and identity authentication, etc.2. For the research on quantum steganography protocol design based on?-type entangled state QSDC protocol, we firstly propose a new simple method to calculate entanglement swapping of?-type entangled states by virtue of cat state's entanglement swapping. And then we present a novel quantum steganography protocol with large payload based on?-type entangled state QSDC protocol. The new protocol adopts the idea of classical steganography and integrates entanglement swapping of?-type entangled state with super dense coding to build up the hidden channel within?-type entangled state QSDC for securely transmitting secret messages. Comparing with the previous quantum information hiding protocols, capacity of the hidden channel in the new protocol is much higher, which is further increased to eight bits. In addition, the new protocol doesn't need extra auxiliary communications in classical channel, and also would not introduce any interference in normal?-type entangled state QSDC. Meanwhile, due to the quantum uncertainty theorem and the no-cloning theorem and randomizing the secret messages, its imperceptibility is proved to be great. Its security is also analyzed in detail, which is proved that intercept-resend attack, measurement-resend attack, ancilla attack, man-in-the-middle attack or even Dos (Denial of Service) attack couldn't threaten it.3. For the protocol design of quantum dialogue without information leakage based on?-type entangled state, we firstly analyze the achievements of QD and summarize their advantages and disadvantages in detail. And then, we deeply discuss and conclude the reasons causing information leakage and their corresponding solutions. Based on these work, two new quantum dialogue protocols without information leakage are proposed, respectively by exploiting the unique physical properties of x-type entangled states and their entanglement swapping. Comparing with the previous quantum dialogue protocols, the protocols can not only makes further improvement on their security by increasing the combination uncertainty of published results, but also really avoid leaking information by introducing a new method of dislocation choice. In addition, compared with the existing achievements of QD without information leakage, the new protocols have more advantages of utilization rate of quantum resources.4. For the design of classical steganography with high efficiency, we propose a new improved EMD steganography based on EMD steganography to make the improvements on its embedding rate and modification rate. The improvements of new algorithm are realized by building up the multi-level for the secret messages and introducing dynamically sharing strategy of the carrier's subgroup to further increase the embedding rate and reduce the modification rate. The results of the experiment show that the proposed algorithm has better performances on the embedding rate and the modification rate than EMD steganography.