System-level Development And Application Research On Astronomic Surveying System Base On Electronic Theodolites

Astronomic surveying is one of the major techniques of space geodesy. It can sufficiently satisfy the need in network control of both national and local geodetic network, launch of aerocrafts and spacecrafts, lanch of missles, calibration of inertial platform, precise orientation of long-range artillery and works in a self-supporting mode with strong interference-resistance capabilities.This dissertation devolopes an new astronomic surveying system based on modern surveying techniques, which has already been widely used in practical tasks. Aiming at the new system, this paper produces a new series of theories and methods of astronomic surveying, developes the corresponding intelligent measurement softwares, analyzes abundant surveying data and comes to affirmative conclusions; discusses some issues relating to astronomic surveying, analyzes theoretical and practical surveying results, and gives reasonable suggestions; investigates on application of the new system, presents and achieves new means of fast astronomical orientation. Leading contents and innovative points are included as follows:1. Produces satellite astronomical time service, takes the method into pratice in the area of astronomical time serviec utilizing GPS and BD satellites.2. Produces and achieves astronomical timekeeping and time comparison using inner crystal oscillators of computers as time reference for astronomic surveying; studies feasibility of astronomical time service utilizing atomic frequency reference/quartz crystal oscillators.3. Produces and achieves the method and techniques for the first class astronomic surveying utilizing electronic astronomic theodolites instead of traditional T4 optical ones; updates major measurement facilities for the first class astronomic surveying, which has been used abroad and overseas for more than half a century.4. Develops a whole suit of theories, methods and techniques of“Simultaneous Astronomical Longitude-latitude Acquisition Using Approximation Contour-methodology of Multi-stars”and“Azimuth Acquisition Using Repetitious Hour Angle Observation of the Polaris”, breaking monopoly of foreign theories, methods and techniques on astronomic surveying.5. Develops and researches on electronic astronomic theodolites using computers and autocontrol techniques, achieves automatic orientation, automatic search for stars and greatly improves the level of automatization and working efficiency.6. Produces and achieves the fast orientation method in daytime by measurement of the sun, and improves its accuracy.7. Produces and achieves“The Principle of Stars Identification Based on Differential Algorithm”, which can realize identification and matching of discretional stars; Produces and achieves the method of fast orientation by observing discretional stars, which extends areas of application of astronomic orientation.8. Develops the entire hardware for this system and corresponding softwares for astronomic surveying and achieves research on integrated techniques of indoor and outdoor operation, which makes it possible that astronomic surveying data can be automatically collected, transmitted, recorded, processed, cheched and output and improves measurement efficiency ten times.9. Makes systematic analysis on various effects of errors in precise astronomic surveying and presents corresponding solutions, which is of great importance to improve observation accuracy and working efficiency.