The Study On The Optimal Allocation Policy Of Urban And Rural Land Resources

In the 40 years of reform and opening up,China has undergone earth-shaking changes and has become the world's second largest economy.Right now,China is still in the process of rapid urbanization and industrialization.Land,as the most basic production goods,plays a vital role for economic construction.In the process of economic development,China has formed a unique dual structure system of urban and rural land,namely “urban land owned by the state ownership and rural land owned by the rural collective”.The implementation of this land system can provide relatively low-cost and sufficient land resources in the early urbanization process,and also provide a continuous source of power for construction and development.However,as the China's urbanization goes deeper,there has emerged many problems,such as lowefficiency for land use,obviously land-urbanization faster than population-urbanization,low compensation for land-losing farmers,irrational urban expansion that occupies cultivated land and threatens agricultural output and food security.So how to improve the efficiency of urban and rural land use in China and fulfill the government's infrastructure construction expenditure needs,while taking into account the guarantee of living subsidies for land-losing farmers,stabilize agricultural output,and ensure food security,is a topic worth studying.Based on the perspective of maximizing social welfare,this paper aims to explore and study on the choice of urban and rural land resource optimal allocation policy in the process of urbanization in China.This paper constructs a spatial equilibrium model covering agricultural land transfer,population migration,human capital externality,government public investment,and urban-rural land use.Based on the consideration of the overall social welfare maximization,and examined from the national and local perspectives,we study on the choice of the optimal allocation policy for urban and rural land resources.On the basis of the rigorous theoretical analysis,we conclude as follows:1)Judging from the nationwide land use situation,the Chinese government still has considerable room to improve land use policies and systems.The government can choose to give more compensation to the immigrants from the land transfer price income,in order to promote the optimal allocation of urban and rural land resources.2)In view of the land use situation in Chongqing,and due to the existence of the land ticket system,the government should adjust the compensation standard for the migrant farmers according to the actual situation.3)In the land policy with the land ticket system,both the welfare level and the policy choice of land optimal allocation are better than the land policy without the land ticket system.Therefore,the land ticket system can be a policy tool to improve the allocation of urban and rural land resources.4)In this paper,the government's behavior should be based on the trade-off between cost and benefit about the choice of land policy.Because the land ticket system is actually the local government's transfer of the proceeds of partial land transfer to the farmers,it also explains the reasons why the land ticket system should not open the secondary market for the time being.Allowing free trade of land tickets will increase market speculation and is not conducive to the effective allocation of urban and rural land.5)Through the empirical model,we find that there is a significant linkage between land ticket transactions,land transfer transactions,and real estate development.From the point of view of the pulse results,land ticket,land and real estate will have more obvious positive feedback when they are affected by any one.Based on the above conclusions,the following policy recommendations are given as follows:1)The Chinese government should allocate a certain proportion of compensation from the land transfer income to the migrant labor group.2)The land ticket system can be a policy tool for improving the allocation of urban and rural land resources and should be rolled out across the country.However,the secondary market for land ticket transactions should not be fully liberalized.The free trade of land tickets should not be allowed for the time being.The pricing of land tickets should be in the hands of the government.3)The land ticket market,the land market,and the real estate market have relatively significant linkages.The government should fully consider the impact between the three parties in the future,especially about land ticket transactions,land sales,real estate development and other related work.