Bird Fauna Survey, Community Diversity And Zoogeographical Division Research In Qinghai Province

Qinghai Province is located in the northwest of China,in the northeast corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Special geographical location,complex topography,the plateau alpine natural conditions,abundant wetland resources,and gave birth to the many unique plant and animal species,also provided a good habitat for birds,foraging,breeding,migration,and wintering sites,forming the unique birds fauna.In 1989,there were 291 species of birds known in Qinghai Province,but only some local studies have been conducted since then,and no provincial studies have been reported.In order to systematically master the species diversity and fauna of birds inQinghai Province,and to discuss the community diversity and zoogeographic division,the bird species in Qinghai Province were investigated in different seasons from 2010 to 2020,During the investigation,the motor vehicle pattern line method was used in the geographical units of grassland,meadow,and desert with a wide field of vision,and the walking pattern line method was used in the geographical units of forest valley,and the total length of the pattern line was 14860 Km.The G-F index was compared with the latest bird record data of four neighboring provinces,the species and number of birds in nine regions were recorded in detail,and the characteristics of bird community diversity were compared.The birds in ten natural geographical units were analyzed by cluster analysis to explore the geographical division of birds in Qinghai Province.The findings are as follows:1.A total of 432 bird species belonging to 21 Orders,65 Families,and 203 Genera were recorded in Qinghai Province.It accounts for 80.77%of birds,59.63%of Families,40.85%of Genera,and 29.90%of species in China.244 species were belonging to 107 Genera,37 families of Passeriformes,accounting for 56.48%of the total species,Except for Passeriformes,188 species belonging to 96 Genera,28 Families,20 Orders of non-Passeriformes,with Charadriiformes being the most abundant.2.Among the 432 species of birds in Qinghai province,there were 118 species in Palaearctic,31 species in Oriental and 282 species in widespread species.There were 177 species in the seven districts of the two boundaries and 4 species in the Qinghai-Tibet region.According to the actual situation of birds in Qinghai Province,129 species of resident birds,123 species of summer migratory birds,17 species of winter migratory birds,159 species of migratory birds and 4 species of stray birds were classified.3.In Qinghai Province,there are 45 species in 4 families,45 species in 4 orders,66 species in 11 families in 5 orders of wading birds,35 species in 4 families in 3 orders of Mengbirds,26 species in 4 families of land birds,16 species in 5 families of climbing birds,and 244 species in 37 families of Passeriforme birds,accounting for 56.48%of the total species.There are 111 species of wetland water birds and 27 species of wetland-related birds.4.Among the 432 species of birds in Qinghai Province,there are 17 species of national first-class protected animals,69 species of national second-class protected animals and 26 species of provincial protected animals.There were 8 endangered(EN)species,16 vulnerable(Vu)species,49 near-endangered(NT)species,352 non-endangered(LC)species and 7 data-deficient(DD)species.There are 29 endemic species of birds in China,accounting fo r 31.18%of the total number of endemic species in China,which are concentrated in Galliformes(6 species)and Passeriformes(23 species).Fifteen endemic species of qinghai-tibet plateau.5.A total of 1 new record of the Chinese mainland and 48 new records of birds in Qinghai Province were found.Among them,there are 30 species of Passeriformes,four species of Charadriiformes and four species of Pelecaniformes,three species of Anseriformes,two species of Accopitriformes,one species of Cuculiformes and one species of Piciformes.6.Compared with the G-F index of birds in four neighboring provinces and regions,Sichuan Province has the largest number of families and Genera and the highest G-F index(0.914),followed by Tibet(0.909),Gansu(0.897),Xinjiang(0.881)and Qinghai(0.878).7.The diversity index of the nine key investigation areas is the highest in Manya(4.624)and the lowest in Huangshui wetland(3.476),the evenness index is the highest in the Beichuan River source area(0.877)and the lowest in Xunhua Meng Da area(0.553),and the dominance index is the highest in huangshui wetland(0.690),the lowest in Dongzhong-Batang(0.206).The highest in Mangya(27.853)and the lowest in Dadiwan Bay,Ledu District(11.130).Maixiu and Datong Beichuan headwater area had the highest similarity coefficient(0.610),Manya and make river had the lowest similarity coefficient(0.146).8.After cluster analysis of ten natural geographical units,the birds can be divided into two groups,the first group consists of three units,the second group consists of seven units,which are combined into 6 regions.The results of this study supplement the bird species diversity and distribution data of Qinghai Province and have certain theoretical value for the bird fauna and zoogeographical division of Qinghai Province,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and even China,it can also provide a reference for animal protection and management in National Parks.