| Xuanen county is located in Southwest Hubei,in the south of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.The geographical coordinates are 29°32?46?-30°13?36?N,109°10?50?-109°55?52?E,with a total area of 2737.17 km~2.Xuanen county is located in the extension of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and Wuling mountains.The highest altitude of the county is 2014m,and the lowest(the confluence of Gongshui River and Qingjiang River)is356m.The unique natural environment and climate conditions make the region rich in biodiversity,which is a hot area of biodiversity research in China.As an important part of biodiversity,bird and animal resources play an important role in the process of biological evolution.Although the investigation of birds and animals resources in Xuanen county has been carried out in the past,it is mostly sporadic and partial.The investigation area is mainly concentrated in qijieshan National Nature Reserve,with few background data and many data lack evidence.In this paper,Xuanen County as a unit to investigate the background of animal resources,mainly through the field transect survey,field infrared camera monitoring,interview survey,literature collection,specimen sorting and other methods.The field investigation work mainly focuses on the period from June 2018 to October 2019.The infrared monitoring has been started since 2012 and lasted for nearly seven years.A total of 48 basic lines and 20 monitoring points have been laid,accumulating rich video and photo data.This paper focuses on the analysis of the diversity of birds and animals in Xuanen County,including the species composition,floristic characteristics,distribution characteristics,group characteristics,rare and endangered protected animals and resource animals,and investigates and analyzes the loss and management of resources.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)There are 335 species of birds and animals in Xuanen County,Hubei Province,including 24 orders,79 families,208 genera,208 genera,180 species of photos,187 species of sightings,118 visits and 307 species recorded in literature.They are 262 species of 208genera in 16 orders,79 families,208 genera,16 orders,79 families,152 species of sightings,75 visits,236 species in literature records,73 genera and 59 genera of 8 orders,25 families,59 genera(28 photos,35 kinds of sightings,43 visits and 71 species of Literature).Compared with the previous literature,2 species of mammals and 26 birds were added,and physical photos were taken.The residence types of birds are 132 species,84 summer birds,30 winter migratory birds and 16 travelers.Among the birds resources in Xuanen County,reproductive birds(left birds and summer migratory birds)are the main ones.The ecotypes of birds are 160species of songbirds,33 raptors,24 climbing birds,17 wading birds,14 swimming birds and14 land birds.Songbirds and Raptors are the main species in Xuanen County,and wading birds and land birds also account for a certain proportion.The largest species of rodents are mammals,28 species,20 species are Carnivora,and 1 species is the least.13 species of 13genera,5 families,3 orders,5 families and 13 species of mammals were observed by infrared camera.(2)The research on the national and provincial key protected birds and animals distributed in Xuanen county and the threatened species listed in the red list of vertebrates in China shows that there are 72 species of 52 genera in 10 orders,22 families,52 genera and 11species(4 species of birds and 7 species of beasts)under the state-i key protection,61 species(48 birds and 7 animals)of the national level II key protection 13 species).Xuanen county has65 species(44 species and 21 species of mammals)belonging to 57 genera and 15 orders of15 orders and 35 families.There are 67 species(37 birds and 30 species of mammals)belonging to 58 genera in 13 orders,26 families and 13 orders,respectively,which are extremely dangerous(CR)5 species,endangered(EN)7 species,vulnerable(VU)14 species and near-risk(NT)31 species.There are 15 species of birds and animals of 6 orders,11families,14 genera and 15 species(9 species and 6 species of mammals)in Xuanen county.(3)The diversity of birds and animals community in Xuanen county showed that the diversity index of birds was from high to low in different habitats,which was evergreen deciduous mixed forest>evergreen broad-leaved forest>deciduous broad-leaved forest>shrub>River Wetland>farmland>residential area,and the diversity index of animal species was from high to low,which was evergreen deciduous mixed forest>deciduous broad-leaved forest>evergreen broad-leaved forest>shrub>River Wetland>farmland>residential area.In the different altitude,the species richness of birds and animals increased with the elevation,showing a medium peak pattern which increased first and then decreased.In different seasons,the diversity of birds is summer>spring>autumn>winter,and animal diversity is summer>autumn>spring>winter from high to low.(4)The analysis of the fauna composition of birds and animals in Xuanen county shows that the number of birds in the East Ocean is the most,149 species,72 species are ancient North species,41 species are widely distributed,accounting for 56.87%,27.48%and 15.65%of the total birds in Xuanen county.There are 52 species of animal species,10 species in the ancient North and 11 species widely distributed in the East Ocean,accounting for 71.23%,13.70%and 15.07%of the total number of mammals in Xuanen county.The fauna of birds and mammals is mainly of the East Ocean,and is mixed with the ancient North species.The cluster analysis of bird flora can be divided into two types of altitude sections,300-900m and900-2100m respectively.The cluster analysis of animal fauna can be divided into three types of altitude sections,namely,500-700m,700-1700m and 1700-2100m.Compared with G-F index,the f index of birds in Xuanen county is the highest,and the diversity among birds is the most abundant.Compared with other regions,the characteristics of birds and animals in Xuanen county are similar to those in other areas near Hubei Province.(5)The distribution pattern of birds and animals in Xuanen county shows that the species richness of all birds in Xuanen county is relatively high in the East and West,and the middle is low.The distribution of the highest abundance is consistent with the highest abundance of birds,mainly in the seven sister mountains and badangshan areas.The areas with high abundance of birds and animals are concentrated in the high altitude areas at the north and south ends of the seven sister mountain reserve in Xuanen county.The high value area of endangered species distribution in Xuanen county is consistent with that of all animals,but the area is relatively reduced and the area of low value area becomes larger.(6)There are three problems in the biodiversity protection of birds and animals in Xuanen County:1.fragmentation of habitat habitat;2.more conflicts between conservation and utilization of wildlife resources;3.illegal hunting occurs frequently.Suggestions:1.strengthen forest vegetation protection and restore fragmentation habitat in Xuanen County;2.further systematically carry out field animal monitoring to provide data support for wildlife protection;3.strengthen scientific research on wildlife protection;4.strengthen research on artificial domestication technology to improve the level of artificial domestication technology;5.strengthen the work of wildlife treatment and prevention and control of epidemic diseases;6.strengthen publicity and promotion Education and awareness of wildlife protection should be improved. |
PDF Full Text Request