| The karst area in southwest China is the place with the largest,the most complete types of development,the most typical and the richest landscape and the most vulnerable ecological environment.Guizhou province is located in the center of the karst area and is rich in biodiversity.The micro fungi,which play a very important role in maintaining the ecological balance and promoting the growth and reproduction of plants and other organisms,are particularly abundant in the area.It is difficult to study them because of their small fruit body,resulting in relatively less and unsystematic research reports on micro fungi in karst areas.For this reason,micro fungi resource diversity research has been carried out in a typical Karst area of Guizhou.Through more than 4 years of research,the micro fungi specimen collection,observation,image collection,plate making,and morphological description have been down from 15 typical karst areas including Guiyang,Maolan,Xingyi and so on.Through molecular data analysis of multi-gene(ITS,LSU,SSU,TEF1-a,RPB2,ACT,TUB2 and CAL)fragment sequences of strains,the maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood method were used to conduct multi-gene joint analysis and construct a fungal phylogenetic tree.Then the morphological and molecular data are combined to identify the taxonomic status of each strain and conduct diversity studies.The results are as follows:1.From 15 typical karst areas in Guizhou,1,230 micro fungi specimens were collected,isolated and identified.Combining molecular and morphological methods,among of 284 strains,107 microfungi were described in detail.26 phylogenetic trees were established.The results showed that 284 strains belong to 26 families,39 genera,and 111 species.There are 134 strains of Botryosphaeriaceae,82 strains of Diaporthaceae,and 68 strains of other fungi.There are 60 known species,and 51 new or suspected new species,among which,8 new species have been reported in journal.There are 11 new record species for China.Some interesting phenomenons are as follows:(1)In Botryosphaeriaceae,134 strains have been identified as 28 species in 9genera.There are 17 known species:Barriopsis tectonae ? Botryosphaeria minutispermatia?Bo.dothidea?Bo.sinensia?Bo.wangensis?Bo.rosaceae?Bo.fusispora ? Bo.fabicerciana ? Diplodia sapinea ? Di.neojuniperi ? Dothiorella vidmadera?Do.yunnana?Lasiodiplodia missouriana?La.chonburiensis?La.hyalina?Neofusicoccum parvum and Sardiniella celtidis,11 new or suspected new species,1species has been reported in journal: Botryosphaeria guttulata,and 2 new record species(Barriopsis tectonae,Sardiniella celtidis)in China.(2)In Diaporthaceae,82 strains have been identified as 20 known species:Diaporthe alnea?D.apiculata?D.camptothecicola?D.cercidis? D.cinnamomi?D.conica?D.discoidispora?D.eres?D.fulvicolor?D.helicis?D.mahothocarpus?D.malorum?D.nobilis?D.novem?D.sackstonii?D.saccarata?D.sojae?D.torilicola?D.toxica?D.zaobaisu.21 new or suspected new species,6 new species have been reported: D.ellipsoidea?D.guttulata?D.irregularis?D.lenispora?D.minima?D.minuscula,9 new record species(D.alnea?D.helicis?D.malorum?D.novem?D.sackstonii?D.saccarata?D.sojae?D.torilicola?D.toxica)in China.(3)In other family fungi,68 strains have been identified as 23 known species:Angustimassarina premilcurensis?Amphisphaeria acericola?Eutypella citricola?Diatrype macowaniana ? Tremateia guiyangensis ? Hysterium angustatum ?Lophiotrema neohysteriopi?Lophiotrema neohysteriopi?Lophiotrema neohysteriopi shirakesh?Nectria balansae?Nectria magnispora?Nectria asiatica?Nectria balansae,Nectria dacryocarpa?Patellaria quercus?Patellaria apiculatae?Pseudomassariella vexata?Sulcatispora acerina?Polyplosphaeria fusosca?Polyplosphaeria fussoella?Polyplosphaeria fussoella?Polyplosphaeria fusiella?Roussoellaensis.19 new species or suspected new species(1 species have been reported: Pestalotiopsis photinicola).2.Through diversity analysis,the result show:(1)The separation frequency is different in genera.Among them,Diaporthe and Botryosphaeria isolated a maximum of 82 strains and 70 strains respectively,accounting for 53.52% of the total number of strains,which were distributed in 5 habitats.The number of strains in Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum,accounting for 13.43% respectively.The other species are less than 10%.The occurrence frequency of different species was different,among which Botryosphaeria Sinensia isolated the highest frequency,with a total of 36 strains isolated.Next were Botryosphaeria guttulata,Lasiodiplodia chonburiensis,Botryosphaeria Dothidea and Neofusicoccum Parvum,The new species Botryosphaeria guttulata was isolated from the three habitats of deciduous shrub,deciduous broadleaf forest and bamboo forest,and the other three fungi were isolated from the four habitats.Diaporthe sp.nov12 has a wide adaptability.A total of 7 strains of Diaporthe sp.nov12 were isolated in this study.(2)the isolating frequency of strains in different habitats: 46 strains from shrubs and grasses account for 16.2%,43 strains from evergreen broad-leaved forests for 15.1%,72 strains from deciduous shrubs for 25.4%,96 strains from deciduous broad-leaved forests for 33.8%,bamboo forests 27 strains from strains for 9.5%.There are different isolating frequency with different habitats.Through ? index diversity analysis,the four indexes(DMa,C,D and H')consistently show that micro-fungi diversity order of different habitats in Guizhou Karst area is: shrub>evergreen broad-leaved forest>deciduous bush>deciduous broad-leaved forest>bamboo forest.It means that the distribution of micro fungi species is different with habitat changes.3.This is the first study on the phylogeny of microfungi in Guizhou karst area.By comparing complete morphological characteristics with molecular data,it is found that:(1)The diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae in this area is obvious,134 strains of which belong to 9 genera and 28 species;while the species of Diaporthaceae are concentrated,82 strains of which belong to the genus Diaporthe.(2)The advantage of number: 15 species have been reported in Botryosphaeria totally.Ten species have been reported in China,while 8 species have been reported in this study,accounting for more than 50% of world reports,and for 80% of China.Two species of Sardiniella have been reported in the world,and no in China,while two new species are reported.Five species of Sphaeropsis have been reported in the world and 1 species in China,while in study,two new species have been reported.one species of Botrybambusa have been reported in the world,but no in China,while 1 new species was isolated in this thesis. |
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