| Municpal solid waste(MSW)has become a prominent environmental problem Additionally,the scarce resource has already affected the sustainable development of our society.The existing studies have illustrated that MSW source separation(SS)could contribute to MSW recycling utilization of resources.It could not only reduce environmental pollution and protect ecological condition but also increase employment opportunities and ease employment tension.And the practicability and maneuverability of MSW-SS has been proved in many developed countries,however,the first round of China's MSW-SS has begun to carry out in 2000,implemented difficultly.Domestic researchers pointed out that one of the significant reasons for failure of the first round of China's MSW-SS lacks effective MSW-SS collection processing pattern.The need is extremely urgent in China to carry out comprehensive(economic,social and environmental)benefits of optimal MSW-SS collection processing pattern.Therefore,we selected Suzhou as a case of China in this study,which applied field investigations of MSW,quantified resourcable waste(RW)recovery potential,explored the MSW-SS collection processing pattern,and discussed the potential policy options of localization of MSW-SS governance,this could not only expand the application recognition for MSW-SS government measures in developing countries,but also have scientific guiding significance in recycling and MSW-SS practice in Suzhou and more widely of other Chinese cities.During 2010 to 2014,this study applied systematic field investigations by manually classifying and weighing MSW at waste generation sources and treatment sites,and obtained MSW data in different sources and multiple dimensions.During 2010 to 2011,we implemented surveys in five typical organizations(total sample 513kg)and seven public spaces and streets(total sample 3,967kg),and obtained composition data of 11 physical categories and 19 resource categories.During 2011 to 2012,a tracking survey of 120 households was conducted in the new and old communities respectively in Suzhou.One year as the macro cycle,one week in various seasons as the micro cycle and one family as a basic unit.Obtained composition data of 11 physical categories,19 resource categories,8 manufacture sources,4 product types and 12 product purposes by the household solid waste(total sample 4,639kg)survey.During 2013 to 2014,we implemented survey in treatment site of Qizhishan,Suzhou,and obtained composition data of 11 physical categories and 19 resource categories.Based on the MSW surveys,Monte Carlo method was employed in this study.And results show that the potential recycling estimation of RW in Suzhou is 96.7(93.5-99.4,90%CI)%,within which the potential recycling of organic waste(kitchen waste,flowers,bamboo and wood)and recyclable material waste(plastic,paper,metal,glass,textiles)is 44.2(41.2-47.8,90%CI)%and 52.4(49.3-56.8%,90%CI)%respectively.Additionally,under the condition of the current recycling technology level and recycling market in China,the actual potential recycling estimation of RW is 86.7(83.6-90.1%,90%CI)%.On the basis of potential recycling of RW quantification results,by estimating and comparing 7 local and abroad options of comprehensive benefits of MSW-SS collection processing patterns,and it suggests that the "detailed classification" pattern of MSW-SS collection processing should obtain the optimal comprehensive benefits in Suzhou.Under the "detailed classification" pattern,MSW is sorted into 5 categories:kitchen waste from households and restaurants;organic waste,like plants waste on streets or in grocery garbage cans;resourceful material waste;hazardous waste;and others waste.On the stage of waste disposal,kitchen waste and organic waste are used for biological diesel oil extraction;recyclable material waste and hazardous waste are recycled and reused,and others waste can be convert into electric energy in incinerators.If this "detailed classification" pattern of MSW-SS is employed,(1)the economic benefits would become positive 31 million Yuan,instead of negative 167 million Yuan;(2)the pollutants,such as NOx(from 40.32 ton to 0.29 ton),CO(from 4.45 ton to 0.03 ton),PM2.5(from 3.73 ton to 1.33 ton)decreased;leachate chemical compositions such as TN,NH4,COD reduced to nil from 1,509.71 tons,410.43 tons and 369.69 tons,respectively;(3)the demand of employers was increased to 23,487 and 9,000 jobs more,compared with mixted collection disposal of current situation of 2012 in Suzhou.Aimed at the "detailed classification" pattern of MSW-SS collection processing in Suzhou,this study draws lessons from Japan MSW treatment and MSW-SS governance experience.This study suggests(1)promoting and improving governance regulations and policy making about MSW governance,and establishing operational and targeted MSW-SS collection,transportation and dispose rules;(2)constructing renewable resources network of resource recovery sites,distribution centers,terminal markets,and promoting development of renewable resources industries;(3)clarifying the MSW-SS collection,transportation and dispose procedure,and planning local MSW-SS governance systems;(4)advocating the "detailed classification"pattern of MSW classification,and encouraging the public involvement in environmental movement;(5)practicing fundamental research in MSW fields,ensuring the scientificity and rationality of MSW-SS program performance. |
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