Composition Analysis Of Oleaster And Its Preventive Effects In Metabolic Syndrome

As a functional food resource wild plants,oleaster's fruits,flowers,bark,gums are used to traditional medicine for health care.Its fruits can be eaten or processed.Its flower is an important source of honey in summer in arid areas.Oleaster,as the economical and environmental protection plants,have potential development prospects on functional food to further improve its environmental protection,economic and social effects.In this study,first,the three most common species,Eleaegnus moorcroftii Wall.,Eleaegnus angustifolia L.and Eleaegnus oxearpa Schlecht.,were selected to analysis for its physical,nutritional,functional,animo acids and kernal fatty acids phofile.Second,the preventive effects of oleaster different extracts were evaluated on metabolic syndrome(MS),such as obesity,dyslipidemia,glucose regulation impairment and insulin resistance(IR),in rats with high-fat and high-fructose diet.Third,the effects of oleaster different extracts on gut microbiota of MS rats were evaluated by 16S rDNA high-throughout sequencing.Fourth,the analgesic effects of oleaster different extracts were evaluated on primary dysmenorrhea in rats induced by oxytocin.The main results are as follows:(1)The fruit shape of different oleaster was from ellipse to nearly circular,and the color was red or reddish yellow.There were significant differences between the physical,basic nutrients and bioactive contents of different oleaster.The highest content of oleaster protein,crude fat,fructose and glucose were 8.2%,2.0%,40.2%and 48.0%respectively.Oleaster polysaccharide content was up to 8.6%.The content of carotenoids was up to 5.34 mg/100 g.The content of vitamin C was up to 9.70 mg/100 g.The content of total polyphenols was up to 458.21 mg/100 g.The flavonoid content could be as high as 309.45 mg/100 g.Starch,sucrose,and lycopene were not detected in all three species of oleaster.Oleaster were rich for functional amino acids with up to 72%as highest.Its essential amino caid contents was up to 37%.The most abundant amino acid was aspartic acid.Lysine was the first limiting amino acid for both adult and children.Different oleaster could be a good source of aromatic amino acids and tryptophan for adults.Oleaster kernel contained 18 kinds of fatty acids which were up to 33.68 g/100 g.94%of the total fatty acid content were unsaturated fatty acids with 27%high of monounsaturated fatty acid and 72%high of polyunsaturated fatty acids.The omega-3 fatty acid proportion was up to 17%its total fatty acid.Oleaster kernals were also rich for essential fatty acids,which account for 71.5%of the total fatty acid content,including 54%of linoleic acid and 17%of linolenic acid.Oleaster kernel contained very little natural trans-fatty acid trans-9-octadecenoic acid.(2)The oleaster water extract and alcohol extract the weight gain in MS rat induced by high-fat and high-fructose diet.For serum lipid regulation,different extracts of oleaster significantly reduced serum triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C)and free fatty acid(FFA)levels,but had no significant effect on serum high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C)levels.For glucose metabolic regulation,although the effect on the levels of oral glucose tolerance(OGTT)and fasting blood glucose(FBG)were different,oleaster different extracts significantly improved insulin(INS),glycated serum protein(GSP),and insulin tolerance(ITT)and OGTT levels.The both extracts of oleaster significantly improved the hepatic lipid accumulation,relieved the insulin resistance,and improved the antioxidant capacity.There were significant difference between the oleaster water extract and oleaster alcohol extract's effects on the peritoneal fat index and serum cholesterol(TC)levels reducing.(3)High-fat and high-fructose diets had caused extremely significant differences in gut microbita composition and species diversity.The proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was seriously out of balance in MS rats induced by high-fat and high-fructose diet.The both extract of oleaster significantly improved the gut microbiota balance which demaged by high-fat and high-fructose diet.Oleaster water extract significantly increased the abundance of Bifidobacteria.Although both extracts significantly reduced the trimethylamine(TMA)related microbial abundance,the effect of water extract was more prominent.(4)The both oleaster water and alcohol extracts had no significant analgesic effect on primary dysmenorrhea in rats induced by oxytocin.