Study On The Assessment Of Ecological Status And Protection Effectiveness In Qinba Mountains

At present,the diversity of ecological problems makes traditional ecological evaluation methods unable to meet the requirements of integrated assessment of regional ecosystem under complex conditions,especially for the quantitative study on the effectiveness of various ecological protected areas and regional ecological management.Therefore,a new ecological evaluation method needs to be tried to construct.Since rich data sources has been accumulated and various remote sensing data processing methods have been proposed with the development of remote sensing technology and its wide application in the field of ecological environment,which provides the possibility for the integrated ecosystem assessment on large spatial scale and long-time series.There are rich natural resources and significant ecological benefits in Qinba Mountains,and its biodiversity maintenance function plays a key role in the national ecological security strategy.However,the social and economic development lags behind in the region,and the ecological environment is seriously damaged,especially the problems of biodiversity reducing,soil erosion and geological disasters are obvious.Therefore,it is of great importance for the sustainable development of the economy and the construction of ecological and environmental protection to comprehensively and systematically carry out study on the assessment of ecological status and protection effectiveness in Qinba Mountains.Firstly,this paper studied and constructed a system of integrated ecosystem assessment of the Qinba Mountains from a theoretical perspective of ecology,established the contents,indicators and methods of integrated ecosystem assessment.The evaluation method of ecological protection effectiveness in Qinba Mountains was explored and established based on the concept of coordinated management and control,and carried out the applicability analysis of the system of integrated ecosystem assessment in Qinba Mountains.Secondly,based on the characteristics of multi-source spatial data,evaluation index processing methods were analyzed and searched,and ecological evaluation models were studied and constructed,mainly including models of water conservation,soil conservation,human disturbance index and ecological protection index.Finally,the standardized evaluation data of the Qinba Mountains in the past 16 years was calculated,using multi-source spatial data,ecological evaluation models,geographic information technology,and mathematical statistical methods.The ecological status and protection effectiveness of the Qinba Mountains from 2000 to 2015 were analyzed and evaluated from the overall ecological status of the region,the ecological changes and protection effects of ecological protection areas,the ecological difference characteristics of areas with different management and control intensity,the degree of ecological management,and the stability of geological environment,etc.,combining with ecological evaluation theory.The main research results show as following:(1)Taking Landsat imagery as the main data source,the land use classification information of the Qinba Mountains was studied and extracted,and obtained the four periods of land use classification data in Qinba Mountains.Based on the land use data,the spatial database of ecosystem types in Qinba Mountains was studied and constructed,and divided into six kinds of ecosystems,including farmland,settlement,forest,grassland,wetland and bare land(rock),and a transfer matrix of ecosystem types was constructed.Through a comprehensive study of ecosystem types in Qinba Mountains,it shows that farmland and grassland ecosystems are decreasing,while settlement,wetland,and forest ecosystems are increasing.The transfer and change characteristics of ecosystem types are the most obvious from 2010 to 2015.The ecological background of areas with different management and control intensity has a positive correlation with the intensity of ecological management and control.(2)The data of vegetation net primary productivity and fractional vegetation cover in Qinba Mountains was obtained by processing and calculation of spatial data,using the data products of MOD17A3 and MOD13Q1.Based on mathematical statistical methods,statistical indicators were calculated and obtained,such as the multi-year average,standard deviation and linear coefficient of vegetation net primary productivity and fractional vegetation cover in Qinba Mountains.The comprehensive analysis of the statistical indicators of vegetation data shows that the spatial differentiation characteristics of vegetation growth in Qinba Mountains are obvious,but it is relatively stable from year to year with a general improving.The vegetation in the ecological protection areas grows better obviously from 2010 to 2015,but the stability of vegetation is poor in nature reserves,which may be affected by the relative dispersion of nature reserves.(3)According to the principle of water balance method,the water conservation algorithm in Qinba Mountains was studied and constructed,using actual evapotranspiration and precipitation spatial interpolation data as parameters.Based on the general soil loss equation,the soil conservation estimation model of the Qinba Mountains was studied and constructed,using the difference between the potential soil erosion and the actual soil erosion,and the parameters in the estimation model were analyzed and calculated.Based on mathematical statistical methods,statistical indicators were calculated,such as the multi-year average,standard deviation and linear coefficient of water conservation and soil conservation in Qinba Mountains.Through a comprehensive analysis of the statistical indicators of water conservation,it shows that the spatial differentiation characteristics of water conservation in Qinba Mountains are obvious,and it is not stable from year to year,showing a slight decreasing trend generally.The stability in areas with high water conservation is much worse.The water conservation and its stability in the ecological protection areas improved significantly from 2011 to 2015.A comprehensive analysis of the statistical indicators of soil conservation shows that the spatial differentiation characteristics of soil conservation in Qinba Mountains are obvious,and it is unstable from year to year,showing a slight increasing trend generally.The service function of soil conservation in the ecological protection areas is much better,while its stability is much worse.Types of landscape and ecosystem in Qinba Mountains were studied and divided basing on the land use data.Landscape pattern indexes were analyzed and selected basing on the type and landscape level,and a human disturbance index algorithm was constructed based on the ecosystem types.The biodiversity maintenance function of the Qinba Mountains was evaluated from the ecosystem level.Through the study of landscape pattern index and human disturbance index,it shows that the forest landscape pattern in Qinba Mountains is generally in favor of the development of biodiversity maintenance.The overall human disturbance shows a decreasing trend,and the decreasing trend is most obvious from 2010 to 2015.However,due to the increase in the number of small patches of forest,the degree of fragmentation within the forest is increased.The human disturbance in the ecological protection areas is much lower and tends to be stable.Human disturbance in areas with different management and control intensity has a negative correlation with the intensity of ecological management and control,while the number of small forest patches in the provincial nature reserves is relatively large,so the potential impact of human activities is increasing.(4)An ecological protection index model was discussed and constructed with time,scope and requirements of ecological protection as parameters,using vector data of the ecological protection areas,realized the quantitative research on the ecological protection management degree of the Qinba Mountains.Through study and analysis of the ecological protection intensity index,ecological protection strength index,and ecological protection effectiveness index,it shows that the overall ecological management effectiveness of the Qinba Mountains is increasing slightly,while there is a spatial differentiation in the ecological management effectiveness.The increasing trend in the ecological management effectiveness is most obvious from 2000 to 2005.The system of geological environment stability evaluation in Qinba Mountains was studied and constructed basing on the characteristics of geological environment,evaluation factors and the distribution of geological hazard points,through information model calculation,realized the quantitative evaluation of the geological environment stability of the Qinba Mountains.The statistical analysis of the geological environment stability index shows that the geological environment stability areas in Qinba Mountains are mainly distributed in the ecological protection areas,which is conducive to the ecological environment construction in Qinba Mountains.For the problems of settlement increasing,water conservation decreasing,poor stability of water conservation and soil conservation in Qinba Mountains,it is necessary to improve the intensity of ecological management and control,redraw the red line of ecological protection,increase the strength of ecological compensation,transform the ecological management model,and build an intelligent ecological monitoring platform.