Research On Initiation Mechanism And Detonation Physical Model Of Hydrogen-Storage Glass Microballoons Emulsion Explosives

Because of its high energy density,explosives play a vital role in the development of the national economy.In order to meet the large demand for explosives in the development of military and technology,explosives have always been developed with high energy density and low sensitivity.The development of hydrogen storage materials provides a new idea for the design of explosives with high energy density.Hydrogen can improve the explosive performance of explosives.The application of chemical hydrogen storage in explosives has been fully developed and verified.Physical hydrogen storage has more potential,which make physical hydrogen storage explosives more promising.In this research,hollow glass microballoons are selected as the physical hydrogen storage container to replace the sensitizer in emulsion explosives to realize the design of physical hydrogen storage explosives,and a systematic study on hydrogen storage emulsion explosives has been carried out.First,the effects and efficiencies of the two hydrogen storage methods of gas cylinder pressure permeation hydrogen storage and high temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage were compared,and it was found that the high temperature and high pressure reactor has higher hydrogen storage efficiency and is more suitable for experimental research.Then the reactor hydrogen storage was discussed in detail.The process of selecting different types of glass microballoons and the removal of fragments.The permeation theory was used to infer the permeation of hydrogen in the glass microballoons.The hydrogen storage equation was discussed in detail,taking into account the temperature,the internal and external pressure of the glass microballoons.The parameters that affect the hydrogen storage capacity were discussed;then the leakage equation of hydrogen storage glass microballoons under normal pressure was deduced,and the precautions for the use of hydrogen storage glass microballoons were discussed.Finally,for glass microballoons of different strengths,samples of hydrogen storage emulsion explosives were made.Secondly,explosion experiments were carried out on four hydrogen storage emulsion explosive samples to explore their explosive performance in detail.The underwater explosion experiment,lead column compression experiment and detonation velocity test were carried out respectively.In the underwater explosion experiment,the underwater pressure data processing method was introduced in detail,and the underwater explosion experiment of helium storage emulsion explosives was carried out for comparison.The experiment showed that high-pressure hydrogen is very helpful for improving the explosion performance of emulsion explosives.While the addition of helium will cause the emulsion explosives to expand and reduce the performance of the emulsion explosives.Theoretical calculations of the storage and leakage of helium in the glass microballoons indicated that helium is easy to enter and exit the glass microballoons,thereby causing the explosives to expand.Compression experiments and detonation velocity measurements also showed that hydrogen can improve the performance and heat of explosives.Finally,the same experiments with oxygen storage and nitrogen storage emulsion explosives were carried out for comparison.Obtaining that gas-storing glass microballoons will always increase the strength.The helium gas has no effect because it is not stored in the glass microspheres.Although oxygen and nitrogen can be stored in the glass microspheres,oxygen and nitrogen do not contribute to the detonation energy and impulse of the explosive.Therefore,the gas storage glass microspheres can speed up the chemical reaction and increase the functionality.The participation of hydrogen storage glass microspheres can further increase the total energy of explosive detonation.Then,in order to explore the sensitization function of glass microballoons in emulsion explosives,the shock response of glass microballoons was studied theoretically.The shock response of glass microballoons was divided into two stages,the brittle collapse of the spherical shell and the adiabatic compression of gas inside the ball.For the brittle collapse of the spherical shell,assuming it is a one-dimensional spherically symmetric structure,by analyzing its conservation equations,the ordinary differential equations of the spherical porosity and impact pressure are derived,and the Runge,Kutta method was used to solve the spherical shell porosity with time.The response of the brittle collapse of the spherical shell to the microballoon is minimal.Then the adiabatic compression of the gas in the glass microballoon was calculated,and the BKW equation of state of the high-pressure gas was used to derive the motion equation of the gas in the sphere,and the time history curves of temperature and pressure of gas inside the glass microballoons were obtained.Then the effects of porosity,impact pressure rise rate,initial pressure in the microballoons and gas types on adiabatic compression were discussed.It was obtained that the microballoon porosity has almost no effect on adiabatic compression,and the impact pressure directly affects the gas temperature and pressure rise rate.The increase of the initial pressure in the microballoons will reduce the gas temperature rise rate.Compared with nitrogen,hydrogen has a faster shock response rate,and the temperature and pressure rise faster.In the end,it can be obtained that the collapse time of the spherical shell is very small compared with the gas adiabatic compression time scale,the released energy is very small,and it hardly contributes to the formation of hot spots,and the adiabatic compression of gas is the main reason for the formation of hot spots in glass microballoons.Finally,theoretical predictions were made on the application prospects of hydrogen storage glass microballoons in high-energy explosives.According to the existing BKW equation of state theory,a calculation program was written,the deficiencies in the program were revised,and the calculation formula of the thermodynamic function was combined with the calculation method of explosive internal energy has been improved,and the BKW program suitable for calculating the detonation parameters of "synthetic explosive" has been obtained.The modified BKW program was used to calculate the detonation parameters of the designed hydrogen storage RDX,and the different explosive densities and hydrogen storage capacity were considered.It was proved that the introduction of high-pressure hydrogen can improve the detonation performance of the explosive,and the hydrogen content and the hydrogen content at different densities were obtained.The detailed relationship of the detonation parameters of high-energy explosives provides a theoretical basis for the research on hydrogen storage high-energy explosives and provides a reference for the application research of new-type high-energy explosives.