| People spend about 2/3 of their time in the indoor environment of residential buildings,and the indoor environmental quality has far-reaching implications for residents'health and well-being.A large number of studies have suggested that the relationship between the residential indoor environment and health had the typical characteristics of big data,i.e.,1)Many exposure-effect relationships cannot be expressed quantitatively;2)The complex interactions between indoor environmental risk factors(parameters)have still not been clarified;3)Factors other than the indoor environment aspects,such as socioeconomic and personal factors,could have an impact on health;4)Exposure-effects relationships were affected by the time(such as daily,weekly and seasonal).Hence,the causal relationship between indoor environment and health was unclear,and it was difficult to describe using precise mathematical models.How to quantitatively characterize the relationship between indoor environment and health has always been an important issue need to be solved.Therefore,to disentangle the mechanisms of complex interaction between indoor environment and health,this research carried out the large-scale questionnaire survey and field measurement in the indoor environment of residential buildings,including the living room,bedroom,kitchen and bathroom/toilet,and used statistical models to study and explore the comprehensive characteristic method of indoor environment and health under the Chinese lifestyle.The main research work was as follows:Firstly,the structural equation modeling method was used to establish the association relationship between indoor environment and health,based on the large sample survey data of approximately 8000 questionnaires of indoor environment in 12 provinces and municipalities of China from the "12th Five Year" science and technology support plan project.The weights of various factors at different levels were obtained.At the macro level,it revealed the differences of the direct impact of socioeconomic factors(0.560),lifestyle(0.191)and indoor environment(0.144)on health.At the same time,it found that socioeconomic factors and lifestyle can indirectly affect health through the mediation effect of indoor environment.In the aspect of indoor environment,the weights of environmental factors of different functional rooms(living room,bedroom,kitchen and bathroom/toilet)on health were defined.i.e.,1)living room:smooth floor 0.403,smell 0.296 and lighting 0.210;2)bedroom:winter thermal sensation 0.288,noise and vibration 0.255,lighting 0.253;3)kitchen:scald 0.307,forced posture 0.296 and water vapor 0.281;4)bathroom/toilet:forced posture 0.294,fall 0.219 and smell 0.208.In addition,the reliability of the model was verified based on the criterion of epidemiological causality,and the results demonstrated that the model had good robustness.Secondly,the association model of indoor environment and health was established,based on the structural equation modeling method,using the indoor environmental field measurement data of 81 households during heating period in Northeast China.At the macro level,the model confirmed the direct health effects of indoor environment(0.228),socioeconomic factors(0.434)and lifestyle(0.302),as well as the indirect effects of socioeconomic factors and lifestyle on health through the mediating effect of indoor environment.In addition,the model obtained the weights of environmental parameters on health at the level of indoor environment,i.e.,indoor air quality(0.653),noise(0.469),illumination(0.392)and thermal comfort(0.205).Furthermore,the influence of socioeconomic factors and lifestyle on indoor air quality(CO2,PM2.5,TVOC and formaldehyde concentration)was analyzed.It was found that indoor air pollution level presented a downward trend with the rise of socioeconomic status.Thirdly,to describe the impact of indoor environment on health more comprehensively,a data fusion model of indoor environment subjective(questionnaire survey)and objective(field measurement)was established using structural equation modeling method,based on the household survey data in Northeast China.The study found that compared with subjective data(R2=0.363)or objective data(R2=0.239),the integrated data(R2=0.553)improved the explanatory power of indoor environment on the overall satisfaction.Compared with the objective data,the subjective data had a greater impact on the fusion data.Finally,the differences of models before and after data fusion were compared.The results suggested that the influence of indoor environment,socioeconomic factors and lifestyle on health changed little,but the relative weights of thermal comfort,indoor air quality,noise and illumination changed greatly.Moreover,the weights in the fusion model were close to the weights obtained from subjective data,but different from the objective data.Finally,a healthy indoor environment evaluation model reflecting the main influencing factors was proposed based on the importance-performance analysis.Moreover,considering the characteristics of residents,government decision-making departments and construction practitioners,the applications of different object-oriented evaluation models were developed.In conclusion,this study revealed the complex interaction mechanism of the impact of indoor environment on health in residential buildings,obtained the weights of indoor environmental factors on health,and developed assessment methods of healthy indoor environment,which provided the scientific basis and theoretical support for promoting the healthy performance of indoor environment in residential buildings. |
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