| Objective:Solar UV(Ultraviolet Radiation)is an important environmental factor that people are exposed to every day,and it has a double-sided effect on human health.Excessive UV exposure can lead to human skin cancer,cataracts,keratitis and conjunctivitis and other diseases;moderate UV exposure can promote the body's blood circulation and metabolism,enhance the body's absorption of calcium and phosphorus,sterilize and promote human skin synthesis Vitamin D.Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for the maintenance of human life.It has a variety of biological functions such as regulating calcium and phosphorus absorption,promoting bone growth,regulating cell growth and differentiation,and regulating immune function.Vitamin D deficiency is related to the occurrence and development of many diseases,including rickets,osteomalacia,arthritis,diabetes,dementia,Parkinson's disease,Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases.Globally,vitamin D deficiency is widespread in humans.90%of the vitamin D needed by the human body is synthesized by the skin through UV,and the remaining 10%is obtained through food.Therefore,by calculating UVvitD(the Action Spectrum of Ultraviolet Radiation for Vitamin D Production)exposure intensity can provide a certain basis for assessing the human vitamin D synthesis level.The UV exposure intensity of human skin is different from the UV intensity of the horizontal environment.The measurement of the UV intensity of the horizontal surface in the environment usually underestimates the UV exposure intensity of human skin,especially at low SEA(Solar Elevation Angle),the angle of the human skin and the orientation of the human body are very important for the intensity of human UV exposure.Therefore,monitoring the UV with different inclination angles and azimuth angles is the basis for evaluating the intensity of human UV exposure.The UV exposure intensity of human skin is affected by many factors,such as temperature,cloud cover,air pollution status,latitude,and season.This study aims to construct a spatial UVvitD intensity exposure model based on on-site UV monitoring data,and apply a manikin,combining the temperature,SEA,sunshine time,outdoor activity time,body surface area and PM2.5 of31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities),compare the UVvitD exposure dose of the manikin of 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities),and analyze the influence of various influencing factors on it.Methods:1.The intensity of UV at ten inclination angles(0°,10°,20°,30°,40°,50°,60°,70°,80°,90°)in the direction facing the sun and the direction away from the sun were monitored in Shenyang City,Liaoning Province,(42°N,123.5°E,51m altitude),Fuxin City,Liaoning Province(42°N,121.7°E,146m altitude),Shaoxing City,Zhejiang Province(30°N,120.6°E,12m altitude),Sanya City,Hainan Province(18.4°N,109.8°E,7m altitude),and Lhasa City,Tibet Autonomous Region(29.7°N,91.1°E,3660m altitude).At the same time,the AQI(Air Quality Index,)and the six concentration data of PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2,O3 and CO at the corresponding time point released by the China Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform was recorded.The UV data monitored in this experiment was calculated by the"Ava Soft 7.4 for USB2.0"software to obtain the entire wavelength spectrum data.On this basis,the intensity integral values of different sampling points were obtained,and the UVA and UVB radiation intensities were calculated.Finally,according to the effective synthesis of vitamins D spectral weight,calculated UVvitD intensity.Applied SPSS to perform multiple linear regression analysis of UVA,UVB and UVvitD intensity with SEA,PM2.5 and inclination angle respectively,and built spatial UVA,UVB and UVvitD intensity exposure models.In this study,the cos?of the angle between SEA and the inclination angle was used instead of the inclination angle as the independent variable.2.Using the manikin provided by Make Human,after being segmented and adjusted by Geomagic Studio and Meshlab,the body surface area of each part of the manikin and the inclination angle of each grid surface of the body surface were calculated on the MATLAB platform.Combined with the spatial UVvitD intensity exposure model,the calculation of the UVvitD intensity of each part of the manikin under different SEA and PM2.5 concentrations was realized.3.Summarized the average outdoor activity time and the average body surface area of the population in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)from 2011 to 2012,and the daily temperature,SEA,PM2.5,sunshine time and daylight of 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in 2018 in China.Combined with the manikin provided by Make Human and the spatial UVvitD intensity exposure model,the average body surface UVvitD exposure dose of 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)was calculated and compared.The average UVvitD exposure dose,temperature,SEA,sunshine time,outdoor activity time and PM2.5 of China were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis,and the influence of various factors on the exposure dose of human body surface UVvitD was discussed.Results:1.Facing the sun,the inclination angle was in the range of 0°-90°,the UVA,UVB and UVvitD intensity of SEA70°-80°were 1.19-6 times,1.42-12.57 times and1.21-13.31 times of SEA20°-70°.The maximum intensity of UVA,UVB and UVvitDappears at an angle closed to the inclination angle of SEA.Away from the sun,the inclination angle was in the range of 0°-90°,the UVA,UVB and UVvitD intensity of SEA70°-80°were 1.01-5.63 times,1.15-10.73 times and 1.09-12.05 times of SEA20°-70°.The maximum intensity of UVA,UVB and UVvitD appears at the inclination angle of 90°.2.The intensity of UVA,UVB and UVvitD showed a tendency to decrease with the increased of the angle between SEA and the inclination angle.When the angle between the SEA and the inclination angle was the same,the intensity of UVA,UVB and UVvitD increased with the increased of SEA.When away from the sun,the intensity of UVA,UVB and UVvitD increased with the increased of the inclination angle.3.When facing the sun,the PM2.5>35?g/m3 group compared with PM2.5?35?g/m3 group,the UVA,UVB and UVvitD intensity were reduced by 19.13%-38.04%,24.12%-36.38%and22.09%-39.18%,respectively.When away from the sun,the PM2.5>35?g/m3 group compared with the PM2.5?35?g/m3 group,UVA,UVB and UVvitD intensity were reduced by 3.71%-32.56%,4.61%-45.63%and 13.14%-48.38%,respectively.4.When facing the sun and the inclination angle was 0°-90°,the PM2.5>35?g/m3 group was compared with the PM2.5?35?g/m3 group,the UVA,UVB and UVvitD intensity were reduced by21.92%-42.65%,42.27%-56.81%and 41.80-58.10%,respectively.When away from the sun and the inclination angle was 0°-90°,the PM2.5>35?g/m3 group compared with the PM2.5?35?g/m3 group,the UVA,UVB and UVvitD intensity were reduced by28.97%-45.70%and 45.31%-56.33%and 51.64%-60.19%,respectively.5.In the spatial UV intensity exposure model when facing the sun,SEA had the largest weighting coefficient,followed by cos?and PM2.5.In the spatial UV intensity exposure model model when away from the sun,the weight coefficient of cos?was the largest,followed by SEA and PM2.5.6.The UVvitD exposure intensity on the surface of the manikin increased with the increased of SEA,and decreased with the increased of PM2.5concentration.The order of UVvitD exposure intensity of each part of the manikin was lower limbs,upper limbs,trunk,head and neck.7.When the SEA was 30°to 50°and the PM2.5 concentration was 17?g/m3 to 132?g/m3,the UVvitD intensity of the head,neck,trunk,upper limbs and lower limbs of the manikin accounted for about 6.7%,4.36%,20.72%,20.72%and 47.5%of the whole body.8.When the SEA was 30°to 50°,the head,trunk,and lower limbs of the manikin had the highest UVvitD intensity on the inclined plane with an inclination angle of 80°-90°,accounting for about 33.3%,48.51%,and 54.07%of each part,respectively;the UVvitD intensity of the neck and upper limbs on the inclined planes of 70°-80°and 50°-60°,accounted for about 20.11%and 21.95%of each parts,respectively.9.When the PM2.5 concentration was 17?g/m3 to 132?g/m3,the SEA was reduced from 50°and 40°to 30°,the UVvitD intensity of each part of the manikin decreased by 39.93%-59.25%and 56.56%-74.01%,respectively.10.When the SEA was 30°to 50°,the PM2.5 concentration was 62?g/m3 and 132?g/m3 compared with17?g/m3,the UVvitD intensity of each part of the manikin was reduced by 8.32%-20.41%and 22.08%-52.16%,respectively.11.When the SEA was 30°to 50°,compared with the30°north latitude area,the daily average UVvitD dose of the manikin surface in the 40°and 50°north latitude areas was reduced by 13.71%and 19.44%,respectively.When the PM2.5 concentration increased from 17?g/m3 to 62?g/m3 and 132?g/m3,the UVvitD dose of each part of the manikin was reduced by 11.68%-12.11%and 29.85%-30.94%,respectively.12.Due to the low latitude,sufficient sunshine and high temperature in South China,the average UVvitD dose on the human body in this area was the largest.Due to the high latitude,four distinct seasons and large temperature changes in the Northeast,the average UVvitD dose on the human body in this area was relatively small.Guizhou and Chongqing due to the short annual sunshine time,the average UVvitD dose on the body surface of the human body in this area is relatively small.The average body surface UVvitD dose of the human body in Tibet and Qinghai was relatively low due to the low temperature throughout the year.13.The average surface UVvitD dose of males in China was greater than that of females,and the average difference of average surface UVvitD doses between males and females was 60.8J(p=0.000).Conclusion:1.When facing the sun,SEA has the greatest influence on the UV intensity;when away from the sun,the relative position relationship between SEA and the inclination angle has the greatest influence on the UV intensity.2.The head,trunk and lower limbs of the standing posture of the manikin are exposed to the highest UVvitDexposure on the body surface at an angle of 80°-90°.The neck and upper limbs have the highest UVvitD intensity on the inclined surface of the body surface at an angle of 70°-80°and 50°-60°,respectively.PM2.5 has the largest reduction rate of UVvitD intensity on the neck.3.The average UVvitD dose on the human body surface in Hainan,Guangdong;and Guangxi are the largest.The average human body surface UVvitD doses in Heilongjiang,Jilin,Liaoning,Guizhou,Chongqing,Tibet and Qinghai are relatively small.Due to the difference in outdoor activity time and body surface area,the average UVvitD dose of male is greater than that of female in China. |
PDF Full Text Request