Research On Remote Monitoring Of Dam State Based On Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent decades, the scale of the development and utilization of water resources in China is huge, and more than 80,000 reservoir dams have been built. The important dikes over large rivers are more than 60,000 kilometers long. Guaranteeing the safe operation of the completed dams and the ones to be built has much important practical significance to the safety of people and property, to the development of industrial, agricultural and national economic. So the construction of dam safety monitoring system is one of the important measures to monitor the conditions of the dams and then ensure the safe operation.Combined with wireless sensor network technology and focused on the structure, feature and environment of the dam, the study of condition monitoring methods are carried out. The method of an early warning model is established, and the key technologies of node equipment and application research of the safety monitoring system are studied in the dissertation.Deformation and seepage are two important physical quantities in dam safety monitoring, which directly reflect the operating condition and the stability of the dams. With the research work in deformation and the modeling of statistical model about seepage being summarized, the effect of factors on the downstream water level, temperature or rainfall factors and time factors on monitoring statistical model parameters would be considered. A mathematical model is established about the relationship between the effect and various factors. And a comparison between the multiple linear regression analysis and partial least squares regression analysis of the model parameters is made.According to the functional features and application requirements of dam safety monitoring system, and combining with the structural features of wireless sensor networks, a network structure about dam safety monitoring systems is designed based on wireless sensor networks. A strategy of network node deployment is proposed which meets the reliability and integrity requirements of data transmission. In order to reduce the power consumption of data transmission in wireless sensor network nodes, and prolong the network lifetime as much as possible, a network routing mechanism based on genetic algorithm is proposed.Aimed at the dam safety early-warning model, it needs nonlinear function to describe the relationship between nonlinear dynamic behavior of dam and its influencing factors. Regarding short-term storage forecast as the research object, a self-tuning information storage forecast model would be established based on fuzzy set. Further, a dam state early-warning model would be put forward which is based on fuzzy control.Based on embedded technology, the wireless sensor network nodes equipment is discussed, and the key technology such as the low power nodes, low cost implementation is analyzed. Aimed at the sensors characteristics such as string-vibration sensor, and water or rainfall sensor, the researches would be focused on realizing method of real-time data acquisition in the sensor nodes, and the design of wireless data transmission module based on ZigBee is discussed. In order to reduce the software algorithm complexity and power cost of information collection process, an appropriate data distribution mechanism is established.The application of remote dam state monitoring systems is studied and optimized in the actual projects. The main properties, structure and function in the system are analyzed. The monitoring and warning model of the real-time saturation line and the distributed embedded monitoring method are studied. The system has been successfully run on multiple reservoir safety information systems, which lays a solid foundation for wide applications of wireless sensor networks in dam safety monitoring and other fields.