Research On The Construction Mechanism Of Open Innovation Ecosystems Dominated By Core Enterprise

In the era of open innovation,enterprises' innovation is no longer the task of a single organization,but of an innovation ecosystem composed of multiple organizations.Because the realization of enterprises' innovation not only needs their internal resources and capabilities,but also needs the external complementary resources and capabilities provided by the whole innovation ecosystem outside the enterprise.Therefore,based on the open innovation's emphasis on the ability to utilize both external and internal resources and capabilities,large enterprises have constructed an open innovation ecosystem(OIE)through the implementation of open innovation strategy to form or maintain their competitive advantages.Thus the OIE dominated by core enterprises has attracted the attention of scholars.However,scholars'research on the OIE mainly focuses on the "what" stage of concept discussion and feature induction,there is a lack of attention to "why" and "how" construct the OIE.In view of this practical background and theoretical progress,this dissertation focuses on the research about the construction mechanism of the OIE dominated by core enterprises.The research question belongs to the "Why" and "How" problem.This dissertation involves the analysis of feature induction,type extraction and dynamic evolution,etc.,which is not suitable for the traditional quantitative research methods.Therefore,a hybrid research method consisting of case study method,content analysis method,cognitive map method,typical event analysis method and literature analysis method is adopted to carry out the research.In the equipment manufacturing industry,large enterprises have gradually formed innovation ecosystems with themselves as the core by virtue of their unique resources and capabilities,which provides suitable research objects for this dissertation to discuss the construction mechanism of OIE dominated by core enterprises.This dissertation follows the basic research design of "construction motivation(context)?construction logic(cognition)construction process(behavior)" to explore the three sub-research contents.The first part is the construction motivation of the OIE dominated by core enterprises.This part mainly conducts an exploratory single case study supplemented by content analysis and typical event analysis method to explore the origins,manifestation characteristics and transmission path of the construction motivation of the OIE dominated by core enterprises.The case selected comes from the innovation ecosystem of high-end computerized numerical control machine tool led by Gona.The results show that:? The construction motivation of the OIE dominated by core enterprises comes from six hierarchies including the external technology context hierarchy,market context hierarchy,institution context hierarchy,and the internal entrepreneurial attention hierarchy,entrepreneurial cognition hierarchy and entrepreneurial spirit hierarchy.?On this basis,this dissertation discerns 14 kinds of concrete manifestation characteristics of the construction motivation on this six hierarchies:technical complexity,technical dynamics,technical backwardness,diversified market demand,systematic market competition,leading opportunity of formal institution,driving pressure of informal institution,internal attention allocation of entrepreneurs,external attention allocation of entrepreneurs,economic cognition,non-economic cognitive,challenge consciousness,innovative consciousness and risk consciousness.? Further,it is found that the construction motivation transmits along the path of "the external technology,market,institution context hierarchy? entrepreneurial attention hierarchy? entrepreneurial cognition hierarchy?entrepreneurial spirit hierarchy".At last,this dissertation builds manifestation architecture of the construction motivation of the OIE dominated by core enterprises including the origins,manifestation characteristics and transmission path.The second part is the construction logic of the OIE dominated by core enterprises.This part mainly conducts an exploratory multi-case study supplemented by cognitive map analysis and typical event analysis method to explore the formation mechanism of different types of construction logic of OIE dominated by core enterprises.The case selected comes from the locomotive innovation ecosystem led by CRRC Dalian,the bearing innovation ecosystem led by ZWZ Group,and the construction machinery innovation ecosystem led by Sany.The results show that:? The construction logic of OIE includes opportunity logic,leverage logic and position logic.Their process mechanism of "organizational goal? core development path?strategic action method" is as follows:the opportunity logic has the process mechanism of"opportunity recognition?rapid action? goal-oriented improvisational behavior";the leverage logic has the process mechanism of "identify and utilize superior resources? build a combination of superior resources and complementary resources?collect and supplement complementary resources";the position logic has the process mechanism of "enterprise positioning?meet the needs of users?piecing together viable resources for a coordinated response".? The three types of construction logic have common characteristics.The organizational goal is essentially the differentiation from competitors;the core development path is essentially an externality that values external resources;the strategic action method is essentially a combination achieving the simultaneous use of internal and external resources.?The formation of opportunity construction logic,leverage construction logic and position construction logic is influenced by different combinations of the 14 kinds of concrete manifestation characteristics of the construction motivation on six hierarchies of the external context and the internal context.The third part is the construction process of the OIE dominated by core enterprises.This part mainly conducts a longitudinal single case study supplemented by content analysis and typical event analysis method to explore the construction process of OIE dominated by core enterprises through the three dimensions including construction logic,construction action and construction result.The case selected comes from the innovation ecosystem of high-end computerized numerical control machine tool;ed by Gona.The results show that:? The construction of OIE dominated by core enterprises can be divided into three stages,which include the core enterprise growing stage,the basic frame building stage,and the system integration forming stage.? Opportunity logic,leverage logic and position logic in turn lead the construction of different stages of the OIE.? The generalization of the function of innovation producers,innovation consumers,and innovation decomposers is an important feature for core enterprises and other innovation subjects in the OIE.? Platform elements and legitimacy elements are the core elements and important signs of the OIE,and the change from directional one-way flow to non-directional two-way flow is the distinctive features for construction elements of the OIE.? The main tangible mechanism and the supplementary intangible mechanism jointly provide a guarantee for the construction of the OIE.? The continuous expansion of geographic boundaries,organizational boundaries,and knowledge boundaries is the characteristics of the construction process of the OIE,and the fuzziness and penetration of boundaries are unique phenomena after completion of the construction of the OIE dominated by core enterprises.This dissertation has formed a panoramic view of the construction mechanism of the OIE dominated by core enterprises including "construction motivation-construction logic-construction process".The construction motivation answers "why" construct the OIE.The construction logic and construction process clarify "how" construct the OIE.As a result,this dissertation contributes to the OIE by expanding the "what" stage of conceptual exploration and feature induction to "why" and "how" stage of the construction mechanism.In addition,it leads open innovation to the system level and deepens the research of the innovation ecosystem.In the context of the increasing popularity of open innovation and innovation ecosystems,the research on the construction mechanism of OIE dominated by core enterprises in this dissertation has certain implications for guiding core enterprises to construct OIE and for government departments to play an active role in this process.