Key Issues In Urban Taxi Operation And Service Based On Large-scale GPS Data

Taxi is an important part of urban transportation system.Since the 19 th century,taxis have been favored by people for their irreplaceable comfort and convenience,and have become an important supplement to traditional public travel.With the development of economic society and urban construction,the demand for transportation has increased substantially,and the contradiction between supply and demand in the taxi market has become increasingly prominent.During rush hours,the demand for taxis is in short supply,and it is very difficult for passengers to get taxis,especially in urban hotspots;during peak periods,there is an oversupply of taxis,and the high no-load rate not only increases the operating costs of drivers,but also brings additional burdens to road traffic and aggravates air pollution.In addition,problems such as lack of market supervision,fierce external competition,soaring operating costs,and empty stops have added to taxi drivers' concerns about the low-income status of the industry.How to improve the operating efficiency of drivers and maintain the balance of supply and demand in the taxi market has become a key concern for urban taxi drivers and passenger transport regulatory authorities.Improving the operators' own operational capabilities from the inside and improving the service system of taxi operation from the outside are the main means to solve the current hot issues in the industry.Understanding the characteristics of taxi travel and operation behavior,analyzing the smart operation strategies of high-income groups,planning efficient no-load taxi cruise routes,and optimizing the construction and layout of taxi service facilities can not only help individual drivers increase their operating income,but also provide theoretical support for improving the overall operating efficiency of the taxi market and improving the service level of the industry,and play a key role in urban traffic planning and management.Early taxi travel information was mainly obtained through traditional data collection methods such as questionnaire surveys,telephone interviews,and online sampling.The limitations of large workload,low sample size,narrow interviewee coverage,and low reporting accuracy have brought challenge for research in related fields.In recent years,with the rapid popularization of global positioning system(GPS)equipment in urban taxis,it has become easier to obtain massive personal trajectory data.Mining the potential information contained in the high-resolution taxi GPS data provides a new perspective for the research in the field of taxi operation and service.Based on the large-scale taxi GPS data,this paper analyzes the characteristics of taxi travel and operation behavior.From the perspectives of internal learning,external guidance and environmental optimization,the analysis method of taxi operation strategy,taxi cruise route recommendation method and the layout optimization method of taxi stands are designed to conduct research on key issues in urban taxi operation services.The research of this article mainly includes the following aspects:(1)Analysis of taxi travel characteristics based on large-scale GPS data.Mining and analyzing taxi travel characteristics from taxi trajectory data is a basic task in taxi operation services and related research.This paper proposes a method framework for analyzing taxi travel characteristics based on taxi GPS data,and constructs a taxi travel characteristics analysis index system based on the relationship between traffic supply and demand,and extracts various common and individual indicators that can effectively serve the key issues of taxi operation services.Taxi driver shift events are identified,and important characteristics such as taxi travel and operating behavior are systematically analyzed.(2)Taxi operation strategy analysis method based on structural equation model.Understanding the basic characteristics of taxi travel is a necessary prerequisite for the study of taxi operation efficiency improvement based on large-scale taxi GPS data,and revealing the differences in taxi drivers' operating strategies is an effective measure to help low-income groups in the industry improve their operating capabilities.This paper analyzes and models the service and cruise behavior in the taxi operation process,and extracts and verifies the characteristic factors of cruise strategy and service strategy.Structural equation model is used to explore the correlation between the taxi driver's operating performance and its service strategy,cruise strategy,and their respective observed variables.We compare and discover the wise operating mode of high-income groups,and propose feasible recommendations that help improve driver's operating efficiency.(3)The taxi cruise route combination recommendation method considering the competitiveness of online car-hailing.The absorption and application of efficient operation strategies can help drivers improve their own operational capabilities to a certain extent.However,there are great differences between individual taxi drivers.For groups with poor learning ability,a more direct means is to provide them with cruises route to effectively reduce ineffective driving time.Based on the analysis of taxi operation strategy,this paper discusses the factors influencing the driver's cruise decision.Based on this,the urban traffic Coulomb's law is expanded and improved,and the competitiveness of online car-hailing is incorporated into the cruise recommendation strategy.Based on the extended law,the optimal cruising area recommendation method based on the recommended principle of the maximum traffic field force and the optimal cruise path recommendation method based on the planning goals of the shortest travel time and the highest probability picking up passenger are constructed.The noload trajectories of high-efficiency drivers and ordinary drivers are used to verify the combined recommendation scheme.(4)A bi-objective layout optimization method for taxi stands in urban hotspots.As a transportation service facility,taxi stands can provide drivers and passengers with a two-way waiting environment,reducing taxi empty mileage and fuel consumption.Considering that the choice and preference of the taxi stand by the driver and passengers will also affect the taxi driver's cruise decision,it is necessary to optimize the space layout of the taxi stand before the cruise path planning to avoid the invalidation of the recommended strategy.This article discusses the selection of feasible setting areas for taxi stands.Combining the actual layout principles of stands,we divide the trip occurrence sub-sections and generate candidate sites.The bi-objective location model is constructed to optimize the spatial layout of urban taxi stands.Empirical analysis is carried out by comparing with actual stands layout scheme.This research aims to solve the key issues in urban taxi operation services by mining the potential information contained in large-scale taxi GPS data.The research results of taxi travel characteristics analysis,driver operation strategy comparison,cruise route recommendation,and taxi stands layout optimization can help taxi drivers to reduce the no-load rate,improve operation efficiency and service level.At the same time,it can also improve residents' travel experience and ease the contradiction between the supply and demand of urban taxis.In addition,it is convenient for traffic planners and policy makers to better understand the needs of the taxi market,and accordingly strengthen the construction of auxiliary facilities and provide corresponding policy support.