Research On Drivers’ Perception-Judgement-Response Characteristics Based On Information Processing Mechanism

Driver is the core of the "human-vehicle-environment" road traffic system.The driving behaviors of drivers directly affect the safety level of the whole traffic system.Research shows that driver errors are still the main cause of road traffic accidents.The research of driver information processing mechanism is the main means to reduce the driver’s traffic risk.The physiological and psychological functions of drivers are affected by many factors,and they are reflected in the driving state at the same time.Fatigue driving,distracted driving,drunk driving and other common unsafe conditions are the main reasons for frequent traffic accidents.Traffic accidents caused by driver errors are essentially affected by the internal and external factors,which will result in some problems in the process of perception,judgment and reaction,and lead to accidents on account of an imbalance of the “human-vehicle-environment” system.To this end,this paper designed and developed some targeted equipment to test the perception,judgment and reaction process of 168 participants,and obtained a large number of experimental data related to driver’s perception,judgment and reaction.By modeling and analyzing the data related to perception,judgment,and reaction,this paper conducted research on the characteristics of driver’s effective field of view,driver’s speed perception and driver’s complex reaction.The specific contents of this research are as follows:(1)Study on the characteristics of driver’s effective field of view.The effective field of view determines driver’s ability to obtain the environmental information.Therefore,this paper proposes the concept of effective field of view by combining useful field of view and peripheral field of view.The effects of the size,position and lasting time of visual stimulus signals on recognition rate and reaction time are analyzed respectively.In addition,the difference of effective field of view is explored between two types of drivers with different accident records.The results show that there is a significant difference in effective field of view between these two groups.In addition,the higher the stimulus signal,the shorter the driver’s reaction time and the higher the recognition rate.There is no significant difference between the size of the stimulus signal and the recognition rate in the central visual field(within 30°),while there is a significant difference in the field of view outside 45°.Therefore,the size of the visual stimulus signal is more important than the lasting time.On the whole,the recognition rate of nonaccident drivers to the stimulus signals was higher than that of accident drivers.The difference of recognition rate between the two groups of drivers was mainly reflected in the position of ±30° and ±45° in the case of bad visual stimulation signals,and the difference of recognition rate was mainly reflected in the edge of effective visual field in the optimal visual stimulation state.The reaction time of the non-accident group is generally shorter than that of the accident group,and there is a significant difference in the reaction time in the field of view outside 45°.(2)Study on the characteristics of driver’s speed perception.Driver’s speed perception ability directly determines the overall perception result on the traffic targets in the dynamic traffic environment.In this paper,the characteristics of drivers’ speed perception on the movement of visual stimulus signals are analyzed,combined with the influence of various factors such as stimulus signal form,size,movement speed and the proportion of light and dark areas.In addition,the effects of stimulus signal speed and proportion of occlusion on the accuracy of driver’s speed perception,and the differences between two different accident groups in speed perception and the visual characteristics in the process of speed perception are analyzed.The concept of "reaction in advance" is proposed to describe driver’s psychological perception characteristics when the stimulus signal reaches the end of the occlusion zone.The results show that there is a significant difference between drivers from accident and non-accident groups.(3)Study on the characteristics of driver’s complex reaction.Driver’s complex reaction ability is closely related to driver’s operating speed and correctness.This paper develops a driver’s complex response testing system by designing a complex response task combining visual and auditory stimuli,and explores the response characteristics of different groups of drivers to complex signals.Based on the signal detection theory(SDT),the accuracy and reaction time of driver’s complex reaction are analyzed.The results show that the response of drivers from two groups to the single visual stimulus is basically the same,but the average response accuracy of drivers from accident group to the combined stimulus is significantly lower than that of drivers from non-accident group.Since it is easy to make wrong judgment and lead to the increase of false rate,the discrimination index d’ of non-accident group is lower than that of accident group.The response characteristics of these two groups to the red light and the green light are basically the same,yet the drivers from accident group have poor sensitivity to the yellow light.This may be related to the drivers from accident group forcibly pass the yellow light at the intersection,which is likely to cause an accident.According to the visual analysis described above,the perceptual characteristics of the drivers from accident group are basically the same as that of the drivers from non-accident group,but the judgment and executive function of the complex information are weaker than that of the drivers from nonaccident group.The conclusion of this research can provide some theoretical support for evaluating the characteristics of safety driving.