The Unique Landscape Style Of The Mosque Courtyard In The Light Of Mutual Influence With Chinese Culture

Islam considered as one of the most important religions in the world.Islam has become widespread across the world including China despite the relatively low adherents compared with other countries.The Silk Road served as a vector diffusing Islamic concepts and religion in China and its strength is primarily due to business interactions as many rules of ethics and commerce are embedded in the religion.The spread of Islam to China is reflected through many faucets including an architectural perspective.This thesis is an attempt to address the subject of the Chinese mosque courtyard and its synchronization with Chinese climate and culture.This subject also explores the environmental performance of different mosques courtyard layout with different area and weather data.The need to obtain the whole points mentioned above,an analytical argumentation was utilized to investigate the case.Regardless of the case studies are concerned,Chinese mosque courtyard was selected to conduct the analyses.All chosen Mosque is located along the silk roads(Land and Martine route)with clear influence appear with Chinese style.The main objectives are to clarify the differences between typical mosque layouts with Chinese one as a new unique style.Also,to determine if the feature of courtyard orientation would make this mosque style efficient.Suggestion and conclusion will help in Clarification key issues affecting Mosque design development,and will improve the design of Chinese mosque by increasing the potential adaptation with local environmental conditions and adding a new charm to the concept Mosque design.The research is an analyzing explore for Chinese Mosque courtyard concepts among three main Chinese Silk Road parts(Southern,North southern and Western),namely which account for influences of Chinese civilization and to determine its effects on architecture and quality spatial design.The methodology utilized used in the collection of data for this project focused on field observation and its analysis as well as library investigation.Data gleaned from the observation of both Chinese Mosques and basic Islamic Mosque courtyards yielded results indicating that Chinese Mosque courtyards are significantly different from other compared Mosques.The significant use of plants as natural elements are noted,as well as the lack of water elements is noted in the current research work.Additionally,the most prominent characteristics of man-made elements are great to use of furniture and the emergence of a continuous courtyard concept separated by gates previously absent among other compared styles.Briefly,the Chinese Mosques constitute a unique natural model distinct from other Mosque’s courtyards,through the magnificent integration of spiritual function and natural components.In this study,Silk Road served as a diffusion vector of ideas and religions,especially Islam that was favored the Chinese community through ethics that embedded in the religion.It attempts to analyze Chinese Mosque courtyards shape in the light of Chinese civilization influences.Also addressed is to,determine its effectiveness among main Chinese Silk Road parts(Southern,North southern and Western),which considered as first Silk Road contact areas with the teachings of Islam in China.The used methodologies were field observation analysis and library investigation through analyzing the style of Chinese courtyard shape and main Islamic courtyards shape style.Analytical argumentation was utilized to investigate the case,taking into account the cultural,social,architectural,political and philosophical factors.Results showed that the shape of Chinese Mosque courtyards has a distinct different Character from the original Mosque shape and has a great diversity due to the local civilized,architectural and cultural factors,which all came influenced largely by Chinese style.It is a purely Chinese character and follows the overall courtyard of Chinese homes and temples,especially the use of an axial and sequential system.Briefly,the transmission and mixing of cultures played a significant role in the emergence of a new model of Mosques with the shape of a unique courtyard.Also the research presents the rationale and characteristics of Arabic and Chinese Mosque courtyard styles in addition to Mosque layout and direct effect on Mosque climatic performance.This chapter quite explained Islamic courtyard culture in society,offer its features,express its masterpieces,and introduce this courtyard as a major element to the world.It is a basic step in offering Islamic culture and Moslems’ civilization.Also,this chapter explores the concept of design quality and participation between the designer and the user as a method of evaluating the design process in the context of climatic and environmental characteristics.And it aims to evaluate the thermal effects of a Mosque courtyard quantitatively and to suggest guidelines to design more sustainable built environments in the climate zone.In this part Chinese Mosques in Nanjing city with different layouts and weather conditions were analyzed,the main focus is inner courtyards with different scales.The Mosque climate design discussed in this dissertation is: temperature and wind velocity.The opening up to the outside world progresses including further develops of relations with the Islamic world,the number of Arabian Muslims in whole China increase rapidly.The emergence of dynamic change process due to contact between multiple cultures backgrounds,each person will experience it in different ways depending on cultural experiences exposure.As for Mosques was play an integral representation role of the society with its unique style design and components taking into consideration that the courtyard is a common element in its design,so its components will differ depending on Multiculturalism.In addition,with the growth of interest in the term of human needs and participation between designer and users to evaluating the quality of design.Thus,this research was conducted to summarize the actuality of modern and traditional Chinese Mosque courtyard design for Arabian Muslim users in order to evaluate the Physical and spiritual appropriateness of their needs.A questionnaire was distributed to Arab Muslims living in the city of Nanjing to discuss the quality evaluation of traditional and modern Mosque courtyard design patterns and plans.It brings out through analyzing seven natural and physical key issue elements,to mark its functional characteristics and configurations.The results will be taken into consideration in the future proposed Mosques designs,by this way we can reach the use of design vocabulary that achieves the architectural fusion of both Chinese and Islamic user needs culturally as well as aesthetic and functional aspects.Briefly,this research not only engage in the debate on global forms of Islamic architecture,but also it is a methodology guide to define new Islamic mosque courtyard with its all landscape components feature styles that appear to be ubiquitous through reflecting the appearance of beautiful intermingling between Islamic and Chinese civilizations.