| The rapid development of the Chinese high-speed railway(HSR)network has profoundly impacted the regional city network and urban spatial development.The network is highly complex,for example,the grade change of the HSR network's nodes status and the invention of the ‘one city,multiple HSR stations' layout mode established in the Yangtze River Delta.Meanwhile,the HSR network has its negative effect.Among other issues,the network is plagued with poor accessibility of HSR stations in the city,and the HSR new city is difficult to grow.At first glance,these problems appear to be largely attributable to the failure of dealing with the spatial response relationship between the HSR network and the development of the station area.However,it is essential to understand the complex coupling relationship between the HSR and urban economic,social,and environmental factors from the perspective of multi dimensions and multi spatial scales based on the Complex Adaptive System(CAS)theory.Based on the complex adaptive perspective and the Yangtze River Delta case study,this study investigates the evolution of the HSR network and the spatial developmental pattern of the HSR station area.In the process of analysis,the "HSR passenger flow" is regarded as the adaptive activity,and the interaction among the three elements of "Node,Connector and Resource" is emphasized by using the flow characteristic in CAS.Below are the main contents of the study:(1)The evolution of the HSR network has been brought in two fronts: a)the evolution of the network itself,and b)the changes in the layout characteristics of ‘multiple HSR stations in one city' analysed from the perspective of network evolution.Second,the complexity characteristics of HSR station location from the perspective of HSR network evolution.(2)Using “Dianping”,POI and other multi-source big data,the study explores the developmental status of an HSR station area based on the ‘Node-Place' model.The influence mechanism of HSRstation area's developmental status is also analysed.In addition,the role of multiple complex network models is studied in the evaluation of the urban bus network related to HSR station area.Based on the results of the above analyses,the study arrives at the following conclusions:(1)On the overall evolution HSR network characteristics in Yangtze River Delta,this study evaluates the node characteristics of HSR network,by using the HSR passenger flow data in the five consecutive years and the complex network theory.The results show that:(1)The topological structure of the HSR network in the Yangtze River Delta is normally distributed and is in a relatively stable state.(2)The HSR network in the Yangtze River Delta has come to constitute a structural system,with the provincial capital as the network core.Moreover,the network node statuses of some cities have strengthened and the evolution of HSR network has changed its original traffic node grade.(3)In addition,the new HSR network line will not only directly connect the core city nodes in the region but also form a ‘direct connection' HSR line between secondary cities to promote the generation of more hub network nodes at different levels.In addition,in view of the complexity of the characteristics of HSR station location from the perspective of HSR network evolution and with the evolution and development of the HSR network,four types of multiple HSR stations in one city' layouts have been gradually formed and expanded spatially.Those layouts are ‘single HSR line multi stations layout in city centre or peripheral areas',‘multi stations layout with multiple parallel HSR lines in city centre or peripheral areas',‘multi stations layout with multiple HSR lines crossing in city centre' and ‘layout of multiple HSR stations in city centre and peripheral areas'.The differences of these layouts lead to a series of problems,such as poor accessibility of HSR stations in the city,large gaps between passenger flow of some stations,and actual planning passenger flow.These problems have restricted the development of HSR station area and urban space.(2)Using the complex network theory and HSR frequency data,the HSR stations in cities along the HSR line from Shanghai to Nanjing,are divided into four types: ‘City centre station',‘External portal station',‘Internal diversion station' and ‘Regional general station'.Among them,the development challenges faced by ‘External portal station' and ‘Regional general station' are more serious.Furthermore,based on the scenario analysis method from the perspective of spatial relationship,this study analyses the present situation,future development opportunities and challenges of the above four types of HSR stations,and points out that there are certain development opportunities for some ‘External portal station' and ‘Regional general station'.(3)Regarding the development of the HSR station area,this study makes an in-depth analysis from the classification of the station areas,the factors influencing development and the evaluation of the urban bus network.First,by using ‘Dianping',POI and other multi-source big data,the HSR stations in the Yangtze River Delta are divided into six categories based on the ‘Node-Place' model from the two dimensions,which are traffic network node status and station area development level.These categories reflect the hierarchical location characteristics of each station in the multi-level HSR complex system.The six categories are " high node,medium-high place","medium node,medium-high place","low node,medium-high place"," medium-low node,medium-low place","low node,medium-low place" and "low node,low place".Second,in order to investigate the factors influencing the development of the HSR station areas,the location of the stations in the city,economic development level,industrial type,permanent population size,passenger flow volume of HSR station,tourism resources level,development time sequence of HSR stations and other influencing factors are designed.Based on these factors,this study then constructs a multiple regression analysis model of HSR station area development impact for all 123 station areas and 87 newly-built station areas in the Yangtze River Delta.The model results show that the developmental level of the HSR station area is closely related to the levels of urban economic development(especially the service industry),the locations of stations in the city,whether the station is a hub node,tourism resources level and other factors.The influence of HSR passenger flow volume on the development of the station area is not significant.Third,through the existing two complex network models and a newly constructed complex network model,named as extended ‘line-line' complex network,this paper systematically evaluates the service capacity of the urban bus network in the HSR station area.The extended ‘line-line' complex network highlights the advantages of ‘line' entity object in the perspective of spatial visualisation and urban public transport management.In the aspect of theory,three research paradigms with CAS theory for the HSR effect in urban planning are proposed based on ‘four characteristics',‘three mechanisms' and ‘path dependence' in CAS theory.First,this study systematically explains how to use ‘four characteristics' to describe the basic characteristics of the HSR complex system.Among them,the aggregation characteristic in CAS theory is to excavate the important network nodes and cluster the important entities in the HSR network system;the diversity characteristic is used to understand the formation mechanism behind the clustering results;the non-linear characteristic means that we should make more use of nonlinear thinking ways to understand the development problems in the HSR network system;and the flow characteristic represents the flow process of passenger flow between cities and stations and is an important driving force for the formation of the other three characteristics.Second,through ‘three mechanisms',the internal operation law of spatial-temporal development of the HSR network and station area is analysed.Among them,the identification mechanism in CAS theory is a result of the representation of different types of HSR stations,which is conducive to distinguish the development characteristics of different types of HSR stations from the connotation of characteristics.The value of identification mechanism in CAS theory is to accurately locate the basic attributes of various entity objects in the HSR complex system.The internal model mechanism is a certain internal operation law in the evolution of the HSR network and the development of the station area.Based on the internal model mechanism,we should not only reveal the dominant operation rules,but also discover the invisible operation rules in the HSR system.Based on the building block mechanism,the HSR network can be regarded as a combination of HSR stations(or cities)and lines,while the HSR station location mode can be abstracted as the spatial relationship among stations,lines and city central area.By simplifying the characteristics of the research objects based on building block mechanism,four basic station layout patterns of ‘one city,multiple HSR stations' phenomena in Yangtze River Delta are extracted.Third,according to the notion of path dependence,it is concluded that the development of ‘one city,multiple HSR stations' layout patterns and future HSR station location planning should pay more attention to the spatial effect of historical development status.The contributions made by this study are as follows:(1)Based on the complex adaptive system theory,this study establishes a complex adaptive theory analysis framework for the research on the spatial-temporal development of HSR network and station area in the Yangtze River Delta.This framework provides a new theoretical perspective for the application of HSR effect in urban planning.(2)The ‘multiple HSR stations in one city' layout patterns in Yangtze River Delta is constructed in this study,which provides scientific reference for the research on the current and future characteristics of HSR stations layout in China.(3)In terms of the evaluation of the urban bus network service in HSR station areas,based on the complex network theory,an extended ‘line-line' complex network model is proposed to examine the spatial characteristics of cross-administration bus lines.The whole thesis contains about 102742 words,48 pictures and charts. |
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