The Design And Research Of A Spherical Satellite For Upper Atmosphere And Gravity Field Combined Detection

The information of upper atmosphere and gravity field is not only the important basic information of space science and geophysics,but also the important strategic information of the country.It plays an important role in the national economy,people’s livelihood and national defense construction,such as the monitoring of atmospheric environment,the on-orbit operation of spacecraft,the precision of high-precision long-range rocket landing point,etc.The satellite-based method of detecting the earth’s gravity field and the upper atmosphere can be used to observe the earth all-weather and all-coverage,and has gradually become the most effective means of detecting the upper atmosphere and the gravity field.With the successful launching of a series of gravity satellites and upper atmosphere exploration satellites in recent years,the detection accuracy of upper atmosphere and gravity field has been greatly improved,and abundant in-orbit data has been accumulated.However,the high cost and long development cycle of traditional satellite also restrict the development of exploration mission to a certain extent.In recent years,with the development trend of miniaturization and low cost of electronic devices,the use of microsatellites for scientific mission detection has gradually become a research hotspot.In this paper,the concept of joint detection of microsatellite by upper atmosphere and long-wave gravity field is proposed,and a method of joint detection of upper atmosphere and long-wave gravity field based on dual-frequency GPS is proposed.The overall design of joint detection satellite of upper atmosphere and long-wave gravity field is completed.First of all,the perturbation model which is suitable for the exploration of the upper atmosphere and gravity field is established.Firstly,based on the traditional atmospheric drag model,the drag coefficient model of satellite with spherical structure is established by using the knowledge of rarefied aerodynamics,and the correction factor model of upper atmospheric density is established based on spherical harmonic function.Secondly,according to the LEO satellite’s perturbation situation,the perturbation models of non-spherical perturbation,solar pressure and solar-lunar trisomy are established as the theoretical basis of this paper.The magnetic non-conservative force model and test results show that the magnetic susceptibility of Au-Ir alloy can reach the international advanced level,and the magnetic non-conservative force of internal satellite can meet the requirements of internal formation mission.Secondly,mission analysis and conceptual design of the comcept detection satellite of upper atmosphere and gravity field are carried out.Firstly,the mission analysis is carried out from two aspects of satellite orbit selection and energy budget,and the adaptive orbit of satellite for simultaneous detection of upper atmosphere and gravity field is obtained.Secondly,the external and internal configurations of the satellite are designed.Finally,according to the design results,the mechanical properties and energy balance performance of the satellite structure are analyzed.Then,based on the configuration characteristics of spherical satellite and the precise orbit technology,a detection and estimation model of upper atmosphere and long-wave gravity field using dynamic method is proposed.The method is suitable for detection of upper atmosphere and gravity field based on orbital perturbation theory.By solving the partial derivative of satellite acceleration on orbit to the parameters of upper atmosphere density and gravity field model,the overdetermined linear equations between satellite acceleration variation and inversion parameters are constructed,and the joint estimation model is solved numerically by using the least two equations.Then,aiming at the overall design of comcept detection of upper atmosphere and gravity field,a fast analytical method for joint detection is proposed.Based on the spectrum analysis method,the analytical relationships among satellite orbit parameters,satellite configuration parameters,gravitational potential coefficient of gravitational field and density parameters of upper atmosphere are established,and the analytical model of joint detection of upper atmosphere and gravity field is established,and the correction method is proposed.The analytical formulas are corrected by the current maximum precision gravity field model,and the detection performance of the joint detection satellite of upper atmosphere and gravity field and the CHAMP satellite is verified by the corrected analytical formulas,which proves the validity of the analytical formulas.Finally,based on different orbit parameters and satellite configuration parameters,the solution is used.Analytical formulas are used to analyze the measurement performance of gravity field.In this paper,the detection method of satellite upper atmosphere and gravity field and the comcept design of detection satellite of upper atmosphere and gravity field are proposed,which will provide guidance for the design of gravity field and high-level atmospheric detection missions by using micro-satellites in China.