| The superblock,which is enclosed and defined by the arterial street network,is the basic unit of urban form and function organization in many cities in China.Its road network configuration underpins the coexistence and interaction of global and local movement,public and daily space and,affects place diversity and local characteristics.It also plays a key role in improving the utilization efficiency of urban land resources,promoting the vitality of urban space,and promoting the intensive utilization of urban land.However,due to the lack of a method of systematic representation,the road network configuration of China's superblock is yet to be articulated,and therefore,the associations between configuration and performance,cognition and design cannot be determined.This paper follows the overall process of theoretical analysis,method exploration,tool creation,empirical research and design application,and focuses on the following issues:1)What are the configurational characteristics of intensive urban blocks? 2)How to construct the representation method applicable to the configuration of China's superblock road network? 3)What are the configurational characteristics and intensive performance of each type of superblock street network formed under different construction times and planning backgrounds,and how are these characteristics formed through the interrelation between streets? 4)What is the framework of designing intensive superblock?This paper starts with establishing the value orientation,research object and research method foundation from the following three aspects: the definition of intensive urban form,the development process and typology of Chinese and Western superblocks,and the representation method of road network configuration within the realm of urban morphology.Then,it is proposed that Stephen Marshall's route structure analysis has the potential to represent a highly hierarchical road network,but it cannot cope with the unique problem of the fuzzy relative grade of the internal roads of China's superblocks.To fit local conditions,this study improves Marshall's route structure analysis from four perspectives: the judgement of relative hierarchy,the node construction principle,and the deletion and addition of the original indicators,and construct a representational method suitable for the road network configuration of China's superblock.The improved method is applied to calculate and compare the depth,connectivity and complexity of the street networks of ten sample superblocks in Nanjing,which are classified into six types by construction backgrounds.The results reveal that the road network formed according to “The Capital Plan” of the Republic of China,which presents a combination of fine orthogonal grids and radiations,and by the renewal of the traditional street?and?lane network,which has the "characteristic structure" defined by Marshall,perform best and the second best in terms of configurational intensity.This paper further analyzes the composition of the nodes in the superblock road network,and discusses how the network as a whole is formed through the correlation among various types of nodes.Based on the main line of the study,this paper makes extended studies from two aspects of sample category and research object,and applied the representation method to the typical superblock samples worldwide,as well as the correlation between street system and plot system.The purpose it to strengthen the understanding of the road network configuration of China's superblock through the comparison of domestic and foreign samples,and to discuss the coordination between street and plot systems in the construction of intensive superblock.In the end,taking the configuration representation method constructed in this paper as a bridge,the integrated framework of urban morphology and urban design is established,and the conclusions of empirical analysis are applied to the redesign of existing superblock.The design mainly optimizes the configuration of public and semi?public road network,as well as the physical plot,discusses the design strategy of intensive superblock,and preliminarily verifies the feasibility of the connection among representation method,empirical conclusion and urban design.In terms of theory,this study establishes the scientific cognition of the configuration as the core of the intensive urban superblock,which promotes the application?oriented development of configuration theory in China.In terms of method,it provides tool support for refined urban design and control,and provides an integrated and interactive framework of urban morphology and urban design.As for the practical problems in urban planning and design in China,the research in this paper confirms that the street network configuration of superblock formed by the evolution of traditional street network in China has a high intensive performance,which corrects the criticism of the superblock model.Moreover,this paper puts forward the configuration characteristics and constitution rules of the intensive superblock road network quantitatively and morphologically,which provides the theoretical and technical basis for the design of the intensive superblock road network.The text of the paper is about 133,000 words,with 188 figures and 19 tables. |
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