Morphological And Molecular Identification Of Economic Fruit Flies(Diptera:Tephritidae)

The family Tephritidae,the true fruit flies,includes about 4300 described species in almost 500 genera.The larvae of most species develop in the seed-bearing organs of plants,including many commercially grown soft fruits and fruit-vegetables(eg.cucumber,tomato).There are about 100 pest species(White&Elson-Harris 1994),mostly belonging to five genera within the subfamily Trypetinae,namely Bactrocera Macquart,Ceratitis Macleay and Dacus Fabricius in the tribe Dacini,plus Anatrepha Schiner and Rhagoletis Loew.In the basis of morphological identification,this study carried on molecular identification and phylogeny of friuit flies based on mt DNA COI gene fragment(DNA barcode).The general aim of this study is to establish morphological and molecular identification system to achieve remote detection and monitoring of fruit flies to prevent them from further spreading in China.The main results are as follows:1.Provided keys and associated products that facilitate the identification of economic Tephritidae.1)The identification includes dichotomous keys for genera identification of economic Tephritidae and keys for Bactrocera,Ceratitis,Carpomya,Euphranta and Rhagioletis.2)About 98 species of most important fruit flies are documented from the world,which include Bactrocera,Dacus,Carpomya,Ceratitis,Euphranta,Rhagoletis,and etc.Each species account includes the availible information covering the identification,distribution,host and taxonomic notes.3)Here 45 species in 23 genera are described from China,including 3 new record species:Themara ampla Walker,Trypeta basifasciata Richter&Kandybina,Trypeta zoe Meigen?2.Established the application of molecular identification of Tephritidae.1)This study has generated 200 mt DNA COI gene sequences of Tephritidae species and all of sequences are 658 bp.2)DNA barcode based on mtDNA COI gene can be used on molecular identification of Tephritidae species from China.3)DNA barcode based on mtDNA COI gene can provide an aiding identification method for suspicious species based on morphological characters.